The Stingers came in towards the end, to break the deadlock of the Soviet Hind's attack helicopters.
They were not even STINGER, very few of those were actually sent. The majority were REDEYE.
Visually, the two look almost the exact same. And in most ways the STINGER was just a major upgrade to the REDEYE. And as is typical when supplying equipment to foreign forces, we started by opening up our bunkers and sending them the oldest equipment we had laying in them. In this case, REDEYE. And only when those had all been used did we start to send the oldest generation of STINGER, which was only marginally better.
But TWA 800 was not a SAM. Because I remember that when it happened, and even then one thing struck me. Only a couple of people reported seeing those "streaks", and they all sounded far more like they were describing something seen in a movie than in real life. And yes, I have actually witnessed surface to air missiles and interceptions first-hand with my own eyes. Almost never do you actually "see" anything, it simply happens too fast. In about the speed of an eyeblink, that missile is going MACH 2.5+, just a hair below 2,000 mph. So people reporting they "saw" one is about as unlikely as somebody claiming they saw an artillery round in flight.
Plus the 747 was at the very edge of the range of a MANPAD. And it is damned near impossible to actually be able to target an aircraft at that kind of range with one. Remember, those things are tracked and fired optically, with the Mk-1 eyeball. No scopes, nothing fancy, just your eye locating and pointing the missile at it. And you can not just wait around all day before you can fire, because earlier I mentioned the BCU. It is fairly similar in size and weight to a can of beer, and has both the battery and liquid argon gas. The operator has to insert the BCU, wait a moment for the gas to reach the seeker head of the missile, and to supercool it so it can track the target.
The operator does not have long, generally about a minute between inserting the BCU and firing the missile. And to put it bluntly, human beings are just not that good at locating, tracking, and holding steady in order to operate a MANPAD at ranges like that. All the operator has is literally a plastic "cross hair" that they use to point at the target. And you have to be steady and precise because that is "generally" pointing at what the seeker head in the missile would see. And as the person firing, you get an audio tone and a kind of vibrator in your cheek that tells you if the seeker is actually seeing the target or not.
Now think on actually trying to do this. We have all seen jet contrails, but when it is at high altitude how often do you actually see the jet itself? The engine? Because that is what you have to do as a human. Aim at the engine of an aircraft at over five miles away, using only your eyes. One of the most annoying things about the above exercise was waiting for some of the aircraft to get close enough to engage. Like the AN-2 COLT. We spotted it a hell of a long ways away, and it was a slow moving crate and we repeatedly had to watch it, wait, and try to acquire it over and over again as the thing does not really put out much heat for a thermal targeting system (and because the body is composed of a lot of cloth they are actually rather "stealthy" when it comes to RADAR).
And I can already "hear" people starting to protest, saying that I am wrong because the military would never have designed the STINGER with that kind of range if it could not be used in that way. Well, odds are whoever would say something like that is not aware that the STINGER is not only used in MANPADS. First of all you have the AVENGER, basically 8 STINGER missiles bolted onto a HMMWV, which includes optics so not just the eye acquiring and tracking the target. And they can also be used in the ATAS system, or "Air-to-Air STINGER". And like this they are commonly mounted on AH-64 Apache helicopters to give it a basic air to air defense capability. And as should be noted, the Apache does have some rather sophisticated optics and other systems to acquire a target with.
The newest generation of AVENGER is being tested right now, and it is quite impressive. In short, the idea is to replace the HMMWV with a Stryker, an add in even better optics as well as a laser designator. This will allow an operator to use the missile to hit a target that has no heat signature at all. Such as an electric drone.
Yes, I admit I am a kind of "wonk" when it comes to air defense systems. But what can I say, that was my career for several years. And even though I am retired, I still try to keep up on the current trends and the path of the various systems.