How many times has humanity been wiped down to near extinction?

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Oh?

How did the copper chisel and slave labor guys build the complex subterranean infrastructure under Giza?

The one that doesn't exist?

"I don't know and didn't bother to try to look it up. Therefore I will make something up." - Frank

 

[toobfreak]

Basalt measures between 5 and 6 on Moh's scale. Granite measures between 6 and 7.

Granite has a high percentage of quartz typically 20 to 70%, while basalt is 20% or less. The intrusive igneous rock closest to basalt is gabbro.

Grinding granite, because of the high quartz content is very difficult and requires a very high amount pressure to accomplish. Small samples can be ground with diamond impregnated grinding wheels with not a great amount of pressure, but require very high speed and copious water to keep the grinder cool in the place of the pressure.

I guess none of that should surprise me as I know granite is some damned hard stuff while I have no real experience in basalt, not a lot of it laying around here or in stone quarries to mess with. Never saw anyone with a basalt fireplace. I guess it is the crystalline nature of quartz and the fact that (I think) granite is basically formed/ cooked out from basalt through pressure and heat.

I think granite is less dense than basalt so tends to float upward in the mantle.

Some really hard stuff to grind (at least for telescope mirrors) is stuff called CerVIT (a vitreous ceramic the Russians use a lot as a low-expansion substrate) and Zerodur, which is a no-expansion substrate. Really hard to grind a figure into, the advantage being that the optical figure remains constant with little change due to temperate variation.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

The one that doesn't exist?

"I don't know and didn't bother to try to look it up. Therefore I will make something up." - Frank

 

[westwall]

I guess none of that should surprise me as I know granite is some damned hard stuff while I have no real experience in basalt, not a lot of it laying around here or in stone quarries to mess with. Never saw anyone with a basalt fireplace. I guess it is the crystalline nature of quartz and the fact that (I think) granite is basically formed/ cooked out from basalt through pressure and heat.

I think granite is less dense than basalt so tends to float upward in the mantle.

Some really hard stuff to grind (at least for telescope mirrors) is stuff called CerVIT (a vitreous ceramic the Russians use a lot as a low-expansion substrate) and Zerodur, which is a no-expansion substrate. Really hard to grind a figure into, the advantage being that the optical figure remains constant with little change due to temperate variation.

They are both igneous rock, but the basalt is made up primarily of feldspars, while granite is feldspar, hornblend and quartz.

Basalt is extrusive, so small crystalline structure, while granite is intrusive, so large crystalline structure. Larger crystals equal stronger construction.

 

[toobfreak]

They are both igneous rock, but the basalt is made up primarily of feldspars, while granite is feldspar, hornblend and quartz.
Basalt is extrusive, so small crystalline structure, while granite is intrusive, so large crystalline structure. Larger crystals equal stronger construction.

Sounds reasonable but you're way over my head. I'm a novice at geology. As a kid, I remember learning about hornblende and orthoclase, hornblende being very dark almost blackish in comparison, but at least I know quartz--- quartz is actually commonly used as a premium substrate for special apps in professional optics, and I understand big crystals vs. little crystals.

I'll go out on a limb and suppose that the high quartz content in granite is partly a function of how the granite is formed and created. Obviously, it also plays a large part in the beauty of granite.

Maybe I might even go so far as to suppose that quartz plays a similar role in strengthening granite much like carbon soot ash plays a roll in reinforcing commercial roadway concrete.

But I can only guess.

I once had a Zerodur optical mirror that was 1/33rd wave rms measured in green light. Here is its lab test results sheet from Cumberland Optical using a Twyman-Green double pass interferometer with Zapp:

If I am right, that makes its mean accuracy (rms deviation) at around 16 nm which is somewhere around 150 Å as just an off the head guess. Zerodur is brutally hard to grind (I'd love to know what its MOH hardness is!). It has a Knoop hardness of 620--- Does that mean anything to you?

Technical properties for ZERODUR® glass-ceramic | SCHOTT

Click here to discover the low thermal expansion, high homogeneity and chemical stability are among the key technical properties of SCHOTT ZERODUR®

www.schott.com

But if something that hard can be ground to a smoothness of 16nm rms (equal to about 1/6.5th wave PTV (peak to valley--- highest point to lowest point), and if I owned it, I'm sure even better can be made for NASA, maybe that adds something to the argument of how smoothly large granites could be cut and smooth by the primitives?

I think history shows us that given enough time and patience, much can be done by even primitive people that technology does not readily supersede.

 

[westwall]

Sounds reasonable but you're way over my head. I'm a novice at geology. As a kid, I remember learning about hornblende and orthoclase, hornblende being very dark almost blackish in comparison, but at least I know quartz--- quartz is actually commonly used as a premium substrate for special apps in professional optics, and I understand big crystals vs. little crystals.

I'll go out on a limb and suppose that the high quartz content in granite is partly a function of how the granite is formed and created. Obviously, it also plays a large part in the beauty of granite.

Maybe I might even go so far as to suppose that quartz plays a similar role in strengthening granite much like carbon soot ash plays a roll in reinforcing commercial roadway concrete.

But I can only guess.

I once had a Zerodur optical mirror that was 1/33rd wave rms measured in green light. Here is its lab test results sheet from Cumberland Optical using a Twyman-Green double pass interferometer with Zapp:

View attachment 1214629

If I am right, that makes its mean accuracy (rms deviation) at around 16 nm which is somewhere around 150 Å as just an off the head guess. Zerodur is brutally hard to grind (I'd love to know what its MOH hardness is!). It has a Knoop hardness of 620--- Does that mean anything to you?

Technical properties for ZERODUR® glass-ceramic | SCHOTT

Click here to discover the low thermal expansion, high homogeneity and chemical stability are among the key technical properties of SCHOTT ZERODUR®

www.schott.com

But if something that hard can be ground to a smoothness of 16nm rms (equal to about 1/6.5th wave PTV (peak to valley--- highest point to lowest point), and if I owned it, I'm sure even better can be made for NASA, maybe that adds something to the argument of how smoothly large granites could be cut and smooth by the primitives?

I think history shows us that given enough time and patience, much can be done by even primitive people that technology does not readily supersede.

Yes. The precision of NASA materials is quite high. Precision costs money. A solar module that I buy is around 2k.

The same module made to NASA specs is around a million. But as close to optimal performance as possible.

And yes, primitive people's can do impressive things, however some are simply beyond their capabilities.

 

[toobfreak]

Yes. The precision of NASA materials is quite high. Precision costs money. A solar module that I buy is around 2k.
The same module made to NASA specs is around a million. But as close to optimal performance as possible.

A department store chinese made telescope with 1/6th wave optics might be $500.

A top-end custom made commercial telescope might be 1/50th wave costing you $30,000.

Aerospace quality optics like LZOS in Russia or JPL for NASA might approach 1/200th wave.

There is an exponential increase in cost and difficulty as you go for higher and higher accuracy.

Part of the cost is the fact that they often have to make 2-3 sets of optics before they get one right without breaking it.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Quarry in China

16,000 ton carved stone!

No copper chisels were harmed in the making of these monoliths

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

View attachment 1214626

hey, have you seen the career scientists laughing at those goobers, since they claim they found things 2000 feet deep using sonar that doesn't penetrate nearly that far?

Yeah, they're pretty much getting laughed off the planet, by the scientific community.

Even snopes picked it up:

No credible evidence supports claims of vast underground structures found beneath Egyptian pyramids

Claims of new ancient structures discovered beneath the pyramids in Giza are greatly overstated.

www.snopes.com

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Quarry in China

16,000 ton carved stone!

No copper chisels were harmed in the making of these monoliths

That's limestone cut in the 15th century.

 

[Dr Grump]

With the recent discovery of Gobekli Tepi, it's indisputable that a prior, advanced human civilization was laid low during the Younger Dryas. By itself it speaks to a prior civilization that warned doom from the sky above. Then you add to it that the Egyptian Priest who told that the destruction happened 9,000 years prior, also dating back to the Younger Dryas.

With respect to the dating of the Sphinx and Great Pyramid, it's clear that these were already there when the Egyptians arrived. Since both the Sphinx and Pyramids show water erosion, they too predate the Younger Dryas. The question is: did the builder of the Pyramids intentionally make a construct they KNEW would survive the certain destruction?

Humans have been the same genetically for 200,000 plus years. The idea that we only developed technology a few thousand years ago is now demonstrable false. They was at least one prior, advanced civilization. I suspect there were others as well

Thoughts?

Göbekli Tepe - Wikipedia

View attachment 853673

What's your definition of advanced?

 

[CrusaderFrank]

What's your definition of advanced?

Technologically advanced

Able to quarry, transport and perfectly place ten ton stones with impunity. And to do so, like at Giza on top of an incomprehensibly sophisticated subterranean complex

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Seems topical today



00:00 Mohenjo-Daro
03:40 Sodom and Gomorrah
07:02 Tell Halaf
10:00 Rajasthan
13:00 Vitrified Forts of Scotland
16:25 Sacsayhauman
19:39 Chateau Vieux
23:17 Tanis

The same impossible thermal fingerprint — on every continent, across thousands of years of history. This is what the ancient apocalypse actually looks like. Unexplained ancient sites sitting in silence, waiting for answers that still haven't come.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Technologically advanced

Technologically advanced enough to... make stacks of stones? In the stone age?

I'm not seeing it.

Who, exactly, were they more advanced than? Their peers, elsewhere across the globe? Yeah, so what? Someone had to be first at stacking stones this well, no?

There is noting anachronistic, here.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Technologically advanced enough to... make stacks of stones? In the stone age?

View attachment 1230234



I'm not seeing it.

Who, exactly, were they more advanced than? Their peers, elsewhere across the globe? Yeah, so what? Someone had to be first at stacking stones this well, no?

There is noting anachronistic, here.

I think Giza is technologically advanced, don’t you?

 

[DennisPTate]

With the recent discovery of Gobekli Tepi, it's indisputable that a prior, advanced human civilization was laid low during the Younger Dryas. By itself it speaks to a prior civilization that warned doom from the sky above. Then you add to it that the Egyptian Priest who told that the destruction happened 9,000 years prior, also dating back to the Younger Dryas.

With respect to the dating of the Sphinx and Great Pyramid, it's clear that these were already there when the Egyptians arrived. Since both the Sphinx and Pyramids show water erosion, they too predate the Younger Dryas. The question is: did the builder of the Pyramids intentionally make a construct they KNEW would survive the certain destruction?

Humans have been the same genetically for 200,000 plus years. The idea that we only developed technology a few thousand years ago is now demonstrable false. They was at least one prior, advanced civilization. I suspect there were others as well

Thoughts?

Göbekli Tepe - Wikipedia

View attachment 853673

Dr. Albert Einstein had a brilliant friend named Immanuel Velikovsky who presented a powerful case that this earth had experienced quite a number of cataclysms over the past millennia.

Immanuel Velikovsky (/ˌvɛliˈkɒfski/; Russian: Иммануи́л Велико́вский, IPA: [ɪmənʊˈil vʲɪlʲɪˈkofskʲɪj]; 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1895 – 17 November 1979) was a Russian-American psychoanalyst, writer, and catastrophist. He is the author of several books offering pseudohistorical interpretations of ancient history, including the U.S. bestseller Worlds in Collision published in 1950. Velikovsky's work is frequently cited as a canonical example of pseudoscience and has been used as an example of the demarcation problem.

His books use comparative mythology and ancient literary sources (including the Old Testament) to argue that Earth suffered catastrophic close contacts with other planets (principally Venus and Mars) in ancient history. In positioning Velikovsky among catastrophists including Hans Bellamy, Ignatius Donnelly, and Johann Gottlieb Radlof [de],<a href="Immanuel Velikovsky - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a> the British astronomers Victor Clube and Bill Napier noted "... Velikovsky is not so much the first of the new catastrophists ...; he is the last in a line of traditional catastrophists going back to mediaeval times and probably earlier."<a href="Immanuel Velikovsky - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a> Velikovsky argued that electromagnetic effects play an important role in celestial mechanics. He also proposed a revised chronology for ancient Egypt, Greece, Israel, and other cultures of the ancient Near East. The revised chronology aimed at explaining the so-called "dark age" of the eastern Mediterranean (c. 1100–750 BC) and reconciling biblical accounts with widely accepted archaeology and Egyptian chronology.

Immanuel Velikovsky - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

For a number of years or decades, Dr. Albert Einstein supported some of his friends theories, but eventually the pressure to be somewhat more politically correct got to Dr. Einstein and he began to argue with his friend on some important points.

Here is an idea that Immanuel Velikovsky would support that Dr. Einstein took very seriously for a number of years or perhaps decades.

"Let us consider Antarctica for a moment.
We have already seen that it is big. It has a land area of 5.5
million square miles, and is presently covered by something in excess
of seven million cubic miles of ice weighing an estimated 19
quadrillion tons (19 followed by 15 zeros). What worries the
theorists of earth-crust displacement is that this vast ice-cap is
remorselessly increasing in size and weight:'at the rate of 293 cubic
miles of ice each year--almost as much as if Lake Ontario were frozen
solidly annually and added to it.(Graham Hancock, Fingerprints of
the Gods, page 480).

"At a symposium of the Union of Geodesy and geophysics, Dr. Pyyotor Shoumsky reported that the south polar ice cap was growing at a minimum rate of 293 cubic miles of ice annually. To put that number in perspective, Lake Erie contains only 109 cubic miles of water. Thus, a volume of ice forms on top of the existing ice at Antarctica each year which is almost three times the volume of water in Lake Erie!" (Expanded Discussion of The HAB Theory, Gershom Gale, Expanded Discussion on the HAB Theory.)

Here is the full article by Mr. Gershom Gale so that you can think about the full context of his statement.

Expanded Discussion of The HAB Theory
Gershom Gale gershon1
@netvision.net.il

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geophysical science offers rather thin explanations for the periods of history during which great glaciers advanced and retreated from the polar regions, leaving a great deal of physical evidence.

The more one delves into the actual evidence, the more skeptical one becomes of the existing theories. The truth, according to the HAB Theory, is that periodically - at intervals ranging from 3,000 to 7000 years but averaging around 5,500 years apart - great global cataclysms have occurred which destroyed virtually all of whatever life forms or civilizations had developed on the Earth to that point.

The cataclysms occur when the Earth is thrown off balance due to a massive, unbalanced accumulation of ice at the polar regions. As these polar ice caps grow, their enormous weight, accumulating unevenly as it does, creates an imbalance, and a wobble begins to develop in the rotation of the Earth on its axis. Year by year, as the ice caps grow, this eccentricity increases until, with devastating suddenness, the polar masses are thrown toward the point of greatest spin, which is the equator. Quite abruptly, the areas which were polar now become equatorial, and vice versa.

The resultant cataclysm is, of course monumental across the entire face of the Earth, except at the two points which become pivotal when the capsizing effect occurs.


An Analogy:

Picture the Earth as a round ball spinning in place on a glass table top. Imagine then, that on the uppermost part of this spinning ball, you drop a tiny glob of molten metal, just slightly off center. The ball immediately begins to wobble...

Add more weight and that wobble becomes more pronounced. Add still more and the eccentricity becomes so great the centrifugal force of the spinning ball grips the weight and turns the entire ball so that the weighted portion is thrown to the imaginary line encircling the ball where the speed is greatest - which is coincident with the imaginary line on Earth known to us as the equator.

That is precisely what happens periodically to the Earth. The buildup of ice at the poles increases until its weight is suddenly thrown some 90 degrees from pole to equator. Yes, the Earth is 26 miles greater in diameter when measured around the equator than when measured around the poles, and one might argue that this bulge provides a stability that would make such a sudden tipping unlikely. But consider: such a variance, considering the size of the planet, is far less than the manufacturing tolerances of an ivory billiard ball.

As the sun evaporates the oceans, the moisture thus released precipitates as rain or snow all over the Earth. But the snows that fall on the polar caps do not melt or flow off at anything like the rate at which they evaporate elsewhere. Snow at the poles piles up and gradually turns into glacial ice. As this process continues, the ice caps increase in size.

At a symposium of the Union of Geodesy and geophysics, Dr. Pyyotor Shoumsky reported that the south polar ice cap was growing at a minimum rate of 293 cubic miles of ice annually. To put that number in perspective, Lake Erie contains only 109 cubic miles of water. Thus, a volume of ice forms on top of the existing ice at Antarctica each year which is almost three times the volume of water in Lake Erie! That's enough= ice to form a layer one mile wide and two miles high from New York to Chicago. And this is the buildup of only one year!

These figures were confirmed by Franz Loewe of France and Malcolm Mellors of Australia. There is no mistake.

The present ice mass is considerably over 5.5 million square miles. If the South Pole were over Chicago, that would make a two-mile thick slab of ice extending from Hudson's Bay to Key West, Florida.

Even this wouldn't be a threat if the ice were perfectly centered over the Earth's axis of spin, but it is not. The wobble was discovered by astronomers in 1885. It amounted to only a fraction over an inch. By the mid 1930s, this had increased to just over six feet. In 1970, the radial movement was close to 80 yards. And right now (197, the wobble is approaching a half-mile in radius.

There is no known means of calculating the point at which rollover will occur, though the summer equinox is the most dangerous time each year. It could conceivably happen with another fraction of an inch of added eccentricity. Or the system may remain more or less stable even if the wobble worsened by another mile or more.

Eventually, though, it'll reach the point of no return and the capsizing effect will occur, with essentially no warning. Overcoming the gyroscopic stabilizing effect of the Earth's equatorial bulge, and in obedience to the laws of centrifugal force, the weight of the ice will be thrown toward the equator. The Earth will continue spinning on it's axis as before, but with some dramatic differences: The ice caps will be riding on the equator, and practically all life - Man included - will have been extinguished.

This is not just a one-time occurrence; it has happened over and over again=! There have been thousands of such rollovers, perhaps even millions, during the 4.5-billion year history of the Earth.

How much time have we got before the next capsizing occurs?

The interval between each occurrence in the past has ranged between 3,000 and 7,000 years. The longest period between tilts was just about 7,000 years, give or take 50. The physical evidence indicates that our present epoch has lasted approximately 7,500 years; we've been living on borrowed time for quite a while. "
[Expanded Discussion of The HAB Theory
Gershom Gale gershon1
@netvision.net.il]

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

I think Giza is technologically advanced, don’t you?

Compared to ... what?

No, they are ass backwards. We would never stack stones to make a building, in 2026.

And people stacking stones in the stone age isn't anachronistic.

 

[Muhammed]

Another curious item on top of the vulture stone are the "handbags of the Gods" These appear in carvings all over the world

It's the Microsoft Store icon.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

It's the Microsoft Store icon.

It’s only found all over the world

Probably a coincidence

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Compared to ... what?

No, they are ass backwards. We would never stack stones to make a building, in 2026.

And people stacking stones in the stone age isn't anachronistic.

Interesting

And the evidence of intricate subterranean architecture? That’s “backwards” too?