How many times has humanity been wiped down to near extinction?

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Oh?

How did the copper chisel and slave labor guys build the complex subterranean infrastructure under Giza?

The one that doesn't exist?

"I don't know and didn't bother to try to look it up. Therefore I will make something up." - Frank

 

[toobfreak]

Basalt measures between 5 and 6 on Moh's scale. Granite measures between 6 and 7.

Granite has a high percentage of quartz typically 20 to 70%, while basalt is 20% or less. The intrusive igneous rock closest to basalt is gabbro.

Grinding granite, because of the high quartz content is very difficult and requires a very high amount pressure to accomplish. Small samples can be ground with diamond impregnated grinding wheels with not a great amount of pressure, but require very high speed and copious water to keep the grinder cool in the place of the pressure.

I guess none of that should surprise me as I know granite is some damned hard stuff while I have no real experience in basalt, not a lot of it laying around here or in stone quarries to mess with. Never saw anyone with a basalt fireplace. I guess it is the crystalline nature of quartz and the fact that (I think) granite is basically formed/ cooked out from basalt through pressure and heat.

I think granite is less dense than basalt so tends to float upward in the mantle.

Some really hard stuff to grind (at least for telescope mirrors) is stuff called CerVIT (a vitreous ceramic the Russians use a lot as a low-expansion substrate) and Zerodur, which is a no-expansion substrate. Really hard to grind a figure into, the advantage being that the optical figure remains constant with little change due to temperate variation.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

The one that doesn't exist?

"I don't know and didn't bother to try to look it up. Therefore I will make something up." - Frank

 

[westwall]

I guess none of that should surprise me as I know granite is some damned hard stuff while I have no real experience in basalt, not a lot of it laying around here or in stone quarries to mess with. Never saw anyone with a basalt fireplace. I guess it is the crystalline nature of quartz and the fact that (I think) granite is basically formed/ cooked out from basalt through pressure and heat.

I think granite is less dense than basalt so tends to float upward in the mantle.

Some really hard stuff to grind (at least for telescope mirrors) is stuff called CerVIT (a vitreous ceramic the Russians use a lot as a low-expansion substrate) and Zerodur, which is a no-expansion substrate. Really hard to grind a figure into, the advantage being that the optical figure remains constant with little change due to temperate variation.

They are both igneous rock, but the basalt is made up primarily of feldspars, while granite is feldspar, hornblend and quartz.

Basalt is extrusive, so small crystalline structure, while granite is intrusive, so large crystalline structure. Larger crystals equal stronger construction.

 

[toobfreak]

They are both igneous rock, but the basalt is made up primarily of feldspars, while granite is feldspar, hornblend and quartz.
Basalt is extrusive, so small crystalline structure, while granite is intrusive, so large crystalline structure. Larger crystals equal stronger construction.

Sounds reasonable but you're way over my head. I'm a novice at geology. As a kid, I remember learning about hornblende and orthoclase, hornblende being very dark almost blackish in comparison, but at least I know quartz--- quartz is actually commonly used as a premium substrate for special apps in professional optics, and I understand big crystals vs. little crystals.

I'll go out on a limb and suppose that the high quartz content in granite is partly a function of how the granite is formed and created. Obviously, it also plays a large part in the beauty of granite.

Maybe I might even go so far as to suppose that quartz plays a similar role in strengthening granite much like carbon soot ash plays a roll in reinforcing commercial roadway concrete.

But I can only guess.

I once had a Zerodur optical mirror that was 1/33rd wave rms measured in green light. Here is its lab test results sheet from Cumberland Optical using a Twyman-Green double pass interferometer with Zapp:

If I am right, that makes its mean accuracy (rms deviation) at around 16 nm which is somewhere around 150 Å as just an off the head guess. Zerodur is brutally hard to grind (I'd love to know what its MOH hardness is!). It has a Knoop hardness of 620--- Does that mean anything to you?

Technical properties for ZERODUR® glass-ceramic | SCHOTT

Click here to discover the low thermal expansion, high homogeneity and chemical stability are among the key technical properties of SCHOTT ZERODUR®

www.schott.com

But if something that hard can be ground to a smoothness of 16nm rms (equal to about 1/6.5th wave PTV (peak to valley--- highest point to lowest point), and if I owned it, I'm sure even better can be made for NASA, maybe that adds something to the argument of how smoothly large granites could be cut and smooth by the primitives?

I think history shows us that given enough time and patience, much can be done by even primitive people that technology does not readily supersede.

 

[westwall]

Sounds reasonable but you're way over my head. I'm a novice at geology. As a kid, I remember learning about hornblende and orthoclase, hornblende being very dark almost blackish in comparison, but at least I know quartz--- quartz is actually commonly used as a premium substrate for special apps in professional optics, and I understand big crystals vs. little crystals.

I'll go out on a limb and suppose that the high quartz content in granite is partly a function of how the granite is formed and created. Obviously, it also plays a large part in the beauty of granite.

Maybe I might even go so far as to suppose that quartz plays a similar role in strengthening granite much like carbon soot ash plays a roll in reinforcing commercial roadway concrete.

But I can only guess.

I once had a Zerodur optical mirror that was 1/33rd wave rms measured in green light. Here is its lab test results sheet from Cumberland Optical using a Twyman-Green double pass interferometer with Zapp:

View attachment 1214629

If I am right, that makes its mean accuracy (rms deviation) at around 16 nm which is somewhere around 150 Å as just an off the head guess. Zerodur is brutally hard to grind (I'd love to know what its MOH hardness is!). It has a Knoop hardness of 620--- Does that mean anything to you?

Technical properties for ZERODUR® glass-ceramic | SCHOTT

Click here to discover the low thermal expansion, high homogeneity and chemical stability are among the key technical properties of SCHOTT ZERODUR®

www.schott.com

But if something that hard can be ground to a smoothness of 16nm rms (equal to about 1/6.5th wave PTV (peak to valley--- highest point to lowest point), and if I owned it, I'm sure even better can be made for NASA, maybe that adds something to the argument of how smoothly large granites could be cut and smooth by the primitives?

I think history shows us that given enough time and patience, much can be done by even primitive people that technology does not readily supersede.

Yes. The precision of NASA materials is quite high. Precision costs money. A solar module that I buy is around 2k.

The same module made to NASA specs is around a million. But as close to optimal performance as possible.

And yes, primitive people's can do impressive things, however some are simply beyond their capabilities.

 

[toobfreak]

Yes. The precision of NASA materials is quite high. Precision costs money. A solar module that I buy is around 2k.
The same module made to NASA specs is around a million. But as close to optimal performance as possible.

A department store chinese made telescope with 1/6th wave optics might be $500.

A top-end custom made commercial telescope might be 1/50th wave costing you $30,000.

Aerospace quality optics like LZOS in Russia or JPL for NASA might approach 1/200th wave.

There is an exponential increase in cost and difficulty as you go for higher and higher accuracy.

Part of the cost is the fact that they often have to make 2-3 sets of optics before they get one right without breaking it.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Quarry in China

16,000 ton carved stone!

No copper chisels were harmed in the making of these monoliths

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

View attachment 1214626

hey, have you seen the career scientists laughing at those goobers, since they claim they found things 2000 feet deep using sonar that doesn't penetrate nearly that far?

Yeah, they're pretty much getting laughed off the planet, by the scientific community.

Even snopes picked it up:

No credible evidence supports claims of vast underground structures found beneath Egyptian pyramids

Claims of new ancient structures discovered beneath the pyramids in Giza are greatly overstated.

www.snopes.com

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Quarry in China

16,000 ton carved stone!

No copper chisels were harmed in the making of these monoliths

That's limestone cut in the 15th century.

 

[Dr Grump]

With the recent discovery of Gobekli Tepi, it's indisputable that a prior, advanced human civilization was laid low during the Younger Dryas. By itself it speaks to a prior civilization that warned doom from the sky above. Then you add to it that the Egyptian Priest who told that the destruction happened 9,000 years prior, also dating back to the Younger Dryas.

With respect to the dating of the Sphinx and Great Pyramid, it's clear that these were already there when the Egyptians arrived. Since both the Sphinx and Pyramids show water erosion, they too predate the Younger Dryas. The question is: did the builder of the Pyramids intentionally make a construct they KNEW would survive the certain destruction?

Humans have been the same genetically for 200,000 plus years. The idea that we only developed technology a few thousand years ago is now demonstrable false. They was at least one prior, advanced civilization. I suspect there were others as well

Thoughts?

Göbekli Tepe - Wikipedia

View attachment 853673

What's your definition of advanced?

 

[CrusaderFrank]

What's your definition of advanced?

Technologically advanced

Able to quarry, transport and perfectly place ten ton stones with impunity. And to do so, like at Giza on top of an incomprehensibly sophisticated subterranean complex

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Seems topical today



00:00 Mohenjo-Daro
03:40 Sodom and Gomorrah
07:02 Tell Halaf
10:00 Rajasthan
13:00 Vitrified Forts of Scotland
16:25 Sacsayhauman
19:39 Chateau Vieux
23:17 Tanis

The same impossible thermal fingerprint — on every continent, across thousands of years of history. This is what the ancient apocalypse actually looks like. Unexplained ancient sites sitting in silence, waiting for answers that still haven't come.

 

[Fort Fun Indiana]

Technologically advanced

Technologically advanced enough to... make stacks of stones? In the stone age?

I'm not seeing it.

Who, exactly, were they more advanced than? Their peers, elsewhere across the globe? Yeah, so what? Someone had to be first at stacking stones this well, no?

There is noting anachronistic, here.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Technologically advanced enough to... make stacks of stones? In the stone age?

View attachment 1230234



I'm not seeing it.

Who, exactly, were they more advanced than? Their peers, elsewhere across the globe? Yeah, so what? Someone had to be first at stacking stones this well, no?

There is noting anachronistic, here.

I think Giza is technologically advanced, don’t you?