Let's get Huston Smith's opinion on this. He's a renowned expert on world religions. Not a militant atheist pretending he was a former deacon.
Huston Smith did not typically describe the God of the Old Testament (OT) as "cruel"; rather, he generally sought to understand and present the essence of different religious traditions, emphasizing their shared human concerns and transcendent realities. His approach to the problem of evil and suffering was to minimize it by asserting that evil is ultimately unreal within the divine totality, or to view the world as perfect within a larger, divine context.
Instead of focusing on the perceived cruelty of the OT God, the sources indicate that Smith's broader philosophical and theological views included:
- Religious Pluralism: Smith believed that all major faith traditions, despite their surface differences, share fundamental themes and ultimately point toward the same "Ultimate Reality". He argued for understanding each religion on its own terms and celebrating their diversity.
- Rejection of Literalism: Smith was skeptical of rigid biblical literalism, suggesting that scripture, particularly narratives, could be interpreted allegorically to find deeper meaning, a view he noted was shared by some church fathers.
- Problem of Evil:When addressing the problem of evil, he did not attribute it to God's cruelty but rather suggested that:
- Evil is a result of human free will and the "original sin" of self-centeredness and egotism built into the human condition.
- Suffering can be an educational process ("soul-making") that helps humans develop moral virtues, a view drawing on Irenaean theodicy.
- Divine Transcendence: Smith emphasized that the divine is fundamentally inexpressible and "completely beyond us," which means all human descriptions of God (including those in scripture) are fallible and inadequate.
In essence, Smith's philosophical framework led him to reinterpret or move beyond the interpretations that see the OT God as cruel, focusing instead on the underlying spiritual lessons and the transcendent nature of the divine.