What happened in 1943?

The Germans got their rocket programs from the Americans and the Brits. It was just another waste of resources and time the Germans were famous for throughout the war.'


In 1914, Goddard received two U.S. patents. One was for a rocket using liquid fuel. The other was for a two- or three-stage rocket using solid fuel.


At his own expense, he began to make systematic studies about propulsion provided by various types of gunpowder. His classic document was a study he wrote in 1916 requesting funds from the Smithsonian Institution so that he could continue his research. This was later published along with his subsequent research and Navy work in a Smithsonian Miscellaneous Publication No. 2540 (January 1920). It was entitled “A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes.” In this treatise, Goddard detailed his search for methods of raising weather-recording instruments higher than sounding balloons. In this search, he developed the mathematical theories of rocket propulsion.


Toward the end of his 1920 report, Goddard outlined the possibility of a rocket reaching the moon and exploding a load of flash powder there to mark its arrival. The bulk of his scientific report to the Smithsonian was a dry explanation of how he used the $5,000 grant in his research. The press picked up Goddard’s scientific proposal about a rocket flight to the moon, however, and created a journalistic controversy concerning the feasibility of such a thing. The resulting ridicule created in Goddard firm convictions about the nature of the press corps, which he held for the rest of his life.


Goddard’s greatest engineering contributions were made during his work in the 1920s and 1930s. He received a total of $10,000 from the Smithsonian by 1927, and through the personal efforts of Charles A. Lindbergh, he subsequently received financial support from the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation. Progress on all of his work, titled “Liquid Propellant Rocket Development,” was published by the Smithsonian in 1936.


Goddard’s work largely anticipated in technical detail the later German V-2 missiles, including gyroscopic control, steering by means of vanes in the jet stream of the rocket motor, gimbal-steering, power-driven fuel pumps and other devices. His rocket flight in 1929 carried the first scientific payload, a barometer, and a camera. Goddard developed and demonstrated the basic idea of the “bazooka” two days before the Armistice in 1918 at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. His launching platform was a music rack. In World War II, Goddard again offered his services and was assigned by the U.S. Navy to the development of practical jet assisted takeoff and liquid propellant rocket motors capable of variable thrust. In both areas, he was successful.



Tje myth that the U.S. relied entirely on 'Nazi science n stuff' is utter bullshit, typical of the distortions of anti-American propaganda campaigns. Moreover, many of the scientists were not 'Nazis' in any real sense; Party membership was merely a requirement for many of the jobs, and in most cases signified nothing. Look to the Arab countries and South America for the real Nazi havens.

Both my father and one of my uncles worked with Werner Von Braun and several other German scientists at Fort Bliss and White Sands.
 
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Most reading here are likely to have heard of Operation Paper Clip;
...
Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War II in Europe, between 1945 and 1959. Conducted by the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA), it was largely carried out by special agents of the U.S. Army's Counterintelligence Corps (CIC). Many of these personnel were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party.[1][2]

The primary purpose for Operation Paperclip was U.S. military advantage in the Soviet–American Cold War, and the Space Race. In a comparable operation, the Soviet Union relocated more than 2,200 German specialists—a total of more than 6,000 people including family members—with Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.[3]

In February 1945, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) set up T-Force, or Special Sections Subdivision, which grew to over 2,000 personnel by June. T-Force examined 5,000 German targets with a high priority on synthetic rubber and oil catalysts, new designs in armored equipment, V-2 (rocket) weapons, jet and rocket propelled aircraft, naval equipment, field radios, secret writing chemicals, aero medicine research, gliders, and "scientific and industrial personalities”.[4]

When large numbers of German scientists began to be discovered in late April, Special Sections Subdivision set up the Enemy Personnel Exploitation Section to manage and interrogate them. Enemy Personnel Exploitation Section established a detention center, DUSTBIN, first in Paris and later in Kransberg Castle outside Frankfurt. The US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) established the first secret recruitment program, called Operation Overcast, on July 20, 1945, initially "to assist in shortening the Japanese war and to aid our postwar military research".[5] The term "Overcast" was the name first given by the German scientists' family members for the housing camp where they were held in Bavaria.[6] In late summer 1945, the JCS established the JIOA, a subcommittee of the Joint Intelligence Community, to directly oversee Operation Overcast and later Operation Paperclip.[7] The JIOA representatives included the army's director of intelligence, the chief of naval intelligence, the assistant chief of Air Staff-2 (air force intelligence), and a representative from the State Department.[8] In November 1945, Operation Overcast was renamed Operation Paperclip by Ordnance Corps officers, who would attach a paperclip to the folders of those rocket experts whom they wished to employ in America.[6]

In a secret directive circulated on September 3, 1946, President Truman officially approved Operation Paperclip and expanded it to include 1,000 German scientists under "temporary, limited military custody".[9][10][11]
...
See also;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Early on in WWII it was obvious to the Allies that Germany was making great strides in new technologies and scientific advances, so efforts were established to collect as much as possible once Europe and Germany were liberated. Special teams tasked with recovery operations followed on the heels of the advancing armies in the ETO.
EXCERPTS:

WW2 CIOS and BIOS Military Intelligence Reports on German Wartime Technology and Research​

...
Germany's advanced wartime technology

By the final months of the 1939-1945 second world war, it had become clear to the British and American authorities that the German wartime advances in many military fields - including rockets, guided missiles, jet aircraft, synthetic fuels, supersonics and infra-red applications - had been enormous.

German technology in these areas was so much ahead of the Western Allies that they “had no choice but to seize those weapons, find the scientists, uncover their research, and put them to work before someone else did”.

To be clear, “before someone else” in this context meant “before the Russians”.

The Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (CIOS)

The joint Anglo/American Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, or CIOS, was therefore established in July 1944 to operate under SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force) and uncover the secrets of Germany's advanced technologies.

The function of CIOS was to provide teams of military and civilian scientists and engineers to act alongside T-Force, a fast-moving non-combatant British Army unit, to secure and investigate newly liberated or captured factories, research establishments and other targets of military interest; in short, to gather intelligence on those target sites by whatever means possible.

This included the inspection and, where possible, removal of all aspects of the technology - prototypes, documents and working drawings, to interview scientists and other personnel, and to issue reports on their findings.

These CIOS reports were issued in duplicated typewritten format for controlled circulation to appropriate groups with relevant security clearance within the allied intelligence community.

The reports were each about 10 x 7.5 inches, 25 x 19 cms, stapled in card covers, although they varied greatly in number of pages and number and type of illustrations depending on many factors including the subject area being covered and the size or importance of the target site.
...
The Black List of Targets for investigation

To prioritize targets, CIOS operated a Black List consisting of some 33 general target Items (i.e. categories) for immediate or urgent investigation.

Examples of these Black List categories are: Item 1 Radar … Item 4 Rockets … Item 5 Jet propulsion … 9 Vehicles … 22 Miscellaneous chemicals ... 24 Medical … 25 Aircraft … 27 Instruments and equipment … 31 Machinery and mechanical equipment

Each report's front cover showed its Black List ITEM number and a unique FILE number.

Reports classified as Secret, Restricted or Confidential extremely rare

Some of the early reports were classified as Secret, Restricted or Confidential with each copy marked on the cover and with its own unique additional security number in the top right corner similar to the one shown at the top of this blog.
...
During this period, reports on a large range of German military and technological subject areas including aviation, jets, missiles, rocketry, fuel, oil, gas, weapons, armour, medicine, chemicals, coal, electrical and mechanical engineering, medicine, radar, shipbuilding, communications and transport were issued.

The 1948 HMSO publication Reports on German and Japanese Industry Published up to and Including March 31st 1948 provides details of the CIOS titles and file numbers of 590 of those 1,090 which were then (in 1948) available for purchase or for inspection at 80 libraries and Chambers of Commerce across Britain.

No comprehensive listing is known to exist today in the public domain of the titles of the "missing" 500 reports omitted from the 1948 publication. However, this is hardly surprising as many of those missing would have contained information in technological areas too sensitive for wider release.
...
Most copies destroyed or discarded; present-day rarity of the survivors

After 70 years, it's impossible to know how many copies of any individual CIOS intelligence documents were produced. The best estimates are that most of the early reports with sensitive military content had a print-run of between 50 and 350. Some of those reports which were released for a wider distribution because of their commercial as opposed to military content may have been produced in somewhat greater numbers, perhaps 400 - 600.

However, whatever the number produced, it is certain that within a very few years of the end of the war in 1945 the vast majority of the printed copies of CIOS reports had either been withdrawn on security grounds or discarded as having served their original purpose.

Most of the few which survived were stored away in libraries or archives to be virtually forgotten; surprisingly few - seldom more than three or four of any individual title - are listed in official records as being held by major national, academic and specialist libraries worldwide.
....
Part of the evolutionary history of MI6 and the CIA

Interestingly, whilst the wartime joint Anglo/American CIOS, and the post-war British BIOS and US FIAT, were short-lived, their acronyms now largely forgotten, both of those agencies live on today under more familiar names. BIOS was subsumed into MI6; FIAT merged with other US intelligence agencies in 1947 to form the CIA.

These documents, in addition to their historical importance in their own right, can therefore be regarded as being early forms of MI6 and CIA reports.

BIOS reports now appear for sale in greater numbers than the wartime CIOS reports although many are still difficult to find and are very collectable.

© www.BMCole.co.uk and www.WW2MilitaryDocuments.com
Original WW2 military planning and intelligence documents
...
 
Back in October 1957 when the Soviets put Sputnik in orbit, the "joke" in many parts of the West's aerospace industries was;
"Guess the Russian's 'German Rocket Scientists' are better than our 'German Rocket Scientists'."
 
Most reading here are likely to have heard of Operation Paper Clip;
...
Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War II in Europe, between 1945 and 1959. Conducted by the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA), it was largely carried out by special agents of the U.S. Army's Counterintelligence Corps (CIC). Many of these personnel were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party.[1][2]

The primary purpose for Operation Paperclip was U.S. military advantage in the Soviet–American Cold War, and the Space Race. In a comparable operation, the Soviet Union relocated more than 2,200 German specialists—a total of more than 6,000 people including family members—with Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.[3]

In February 1945, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) set up T-Force, or Special Sections Subdivision, which grew to over 2,000 personnel by June. T-Force examined 5,000 German targets with a high priority on synthetic rubber and oil catalysts, new designs in armored equipment, V-2 (rocket) weapons, jet and rocket propelled aircraft, naval equipment, field radios, secret writing chemicals, aero medicine research, gliders, and "scientific and industrial personalities”.[4]

When large numbers of German scientists began to be discovered in late April, Special Sections Subdivision set up the Enemy Personnel Exploitation Section to manage and interrogate them. Enemy Personnel Exploitation Section established a detention center, DUSTBIN, first in Paris and later in Kransberg Castle outside Frankfurt. The US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) established the first secret recruitment program, called Operation Overcast, on July 20, 1945, initially "to assist in shortening the Japanese war and to aid our postwar military research".[5] The term "Overcast" was the name first given by the German scientists' family members for the housing camp where they were held in Bavaria.[6] In late summer 1945, the JCS established the JIOA, a subcommittee of the Joint Intelligence Community, to directly oversee Operation Overcast and later Operation Paperclip.[7] The JIOA representatives included the army's director of intelligence, the chief of naval intelligence, the assistant chief of Air Staff-2 (air force intelligence), and a representative from the State Department.[8] In November 1945, Operation Overcast was renamed Operation Paperclip by Ordnance Corps officers, who would attach a paperclip to the folders of those rocket experts whom they wished to employ in America.[6]

In a secret directive circulated on September 3, 1946, President Truman officially approved Operation Paperclip and expanded it to include 1,000 German scientists under "temporary, limited military custody".[9][10][11]
...
See also;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Early on in WWII it was obvious to the Allies that Germany was making great strides in new technologies and scientific advances, so efforts were established to collect as much as possible once Europe and Germany were liberated. Special teams tasked with recovery operations followed on the heels of the advancing armies in the ETO.
EXCERPTS:

WW2 CIOS and BIOS Military Intelligence Reports on German Wartime Technology and Research​

...
Germany's advanced wartime technology

By the final months of the 1939-1945 second world war, it had become clear to the British and American authorities that the German wartime advances in many military fields - including rockets, guided missiles, jet aircraft, synthetic fuels, supersonics and infra-red applications - had been enormous.

German technology in these areas was so much ahead of the Western Allies that they “had no choice but to seize those weapons, find the scientists, uncover their research, and put them to work before someone else did”.

To be clear, “before someone else” in this context meant “before the Russians”.

The Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (CIOS)

The joint Anglo/American Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, or CIOS, was therefore established in July 1944 to operate under SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force) and uncover the secrets of Germany's advanced technologies.

The function of CIOS was to provide teams of military and civilian scientists and engineers to act alongside T-Force, a fast-moving non-combatant British Army unit, to secure and investigate newly liberated or captured factories, research establishments and other targets of military interest; in short, to gather intelligence on those target sites by whatever means possible.

This included the inspection and, where possible, removal of all aspects of the technology - prototypes, documents and working drawings, to interview scientists and other personnel, and to issue reports on their findings.

These CIOS reports were issued in duplicated typewritten format for controlled circulation to appropriate groups with relevant security clearance within the allied intelligence community.

The reports were each about 10 x 7.5 inches, 25 x 19 cms, stapled in card covers, although they varied greatly in number of pages and number and type of illustrations depending on many factors including the subject area being covered and the size or importance of the target site.
...
The Black List of Targets for investigation

To prioritize targets, CIOS operated a Black List consisting of some 33 general target Items (i.e. categories) for immediate or urgent investigation.

Examples of these Black List categories are: Item 1 Radar … Item 4 Rockets … Item 5 Jet propulsion … 9 Vehicles … 22 Miscellaneous chemicals ... 24 Medical … 25 Aircraft … 27 Instruments and equipment … 31 Machinery and mechanical equipment

Each report's front cover showed its Black List ITEM number and a unique FILE number.

Reports classified as Secret, Restricted or Confidential extremely rare

Some of the early reports were classified as Secret, Restricted or Confidential with each copy marked on the cover and with its own unique additional security number in the top right corner similar to the one shown at the top of this blog.
...
During this period, reports on a large range of German military and technological subject areas including aviation, jets, missiles, rocketry, fuel, oil, gas, weapons, armour, medicine, chemicals, coal, electrical and mechanical engineering, medicine, radar, shipbuilding, communications and transport were issued.

The 1948 HMSO publication Reports on German and Japanese Industry Published up to and Including March 31st 1948 provides details of the CIOS titles and file numbers of 590 of those 1,090 which were then (in 1948) available for purchase or for inspection at 80 libraries and Chambers of Commerce across Britain.

No comprehensive listing is known to exist today in the public domain of the titles of the "missing" 500 reports omitted from the 1948 publication. However, this is hardly surprising as many of those missing would have contained information in technological areas too sensitive for wider release.
...
Most copies destroyed or discarded; present-day rarity of the survivors

After 70 years, it's impossible to know how many copies of any individual CIOS intelligence documents were produced. The best estimates are that most of the early reports with sensitive military content had a print-run of between 50 and 350. Some of those reports which were released for a wider distribution because of their commercial as opposed to military content may have been produced in somewhat greater numbers, perhaps 400 - 600.

However, whatever the number produced, it is certain that within a very few years of the end of the war in 1945 the vast majority of the printed copies of CIOS reports had either been withdrawn on security grounds or discarded as having served their original purpose.

Most of the few which survived were stored away in libraries or archives to be virtually forgotten; surprisingly few - seldom more than three or four of any individual title - are listed in official records as being held by major national, academic and specialist libraries worldwide.
....
Part of the evolutionary history of MI6 and the CIA

Interestingly, whilst the wartime joint Anglo/American CIOS, and the post-war British BIOS and US FIAT, were short-lived, their acronyms now largely forgotten, both of those agencies live on today under more familiar names. BIOS was subsumed into MI6; FIAT merged with other US intelligence agencies in 1947 to form the CIA.

These documents, in addition to their historical importance in their own right, can therefore be regarded as being early forms of MI6 and CIA reports.

BIOS reports now appear for sale in greater numbers than the wartime CIOS reports although many are still difficult to find and are very collectable.

© www.BMCole.co.uk and www.WW2MilitaryDocuments.com
Original WW2 military planning and intelligence documents
...

Just because a person was a member of the Nazi party doesn't mean they were evil or endorsed the evil of the Nazis.

Remember that Oskar Schindler was a member of the Nazi Party. As was the German official that saved the lives of thousands of Chinese during the Japanese Rape of Nanking.
 
Just because a person was a member of the Nazi party doesn't mean they were evil or endorsed the evil of the Nazis.

Remember that Oskar Schindler was a member of the Nazi Party. As was the German official that saved the lives of thousands of Chinese during the Japanese Rape of Nanking.
Hey, I agree. The movie "Schindler's List" makes it clear that one had to be a party member to do business in Germany while the NAZIs were running things. Also what could be done from "inside" to undermine the NAZI agenda.
 

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