Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

[badger2]

Areplivir's structure-activity relationship is unavailable for comparison to favipiravir. There are no entries at PubMed.

Favipiravir

Favipiravir - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

[badger2]

There seems to be a COVID-19 link to Guillain-Barre:

https://www.prweb.com/releases/pittsburgh_neurologists_among-first_to_document_u_s_case_showing_potential_link_between_guillain-barre_syndrome_and_covid_19/prweb17208239.html

'....In "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome (doi: 10.1097/CND0000000000000309) a 54-year-old man was transferred to AGH (Allegheny General Hospital) with ascending limb weakness and numbness that followed symptoms of a severe respiratory infection. Upon arrival, clinicians noted areflexia and further diagnostic testing showed he was positive for COVID-19.'

 

[badger2]

The COVID-19 story is mimicking the trajectory of ebola when it comes to elucidating origins of the virus in nature. This report is quite timely and most worthy of further scrutiny, and we thank Dr. Fauci, et al for pointing it out to us:

25 Jun 2020 White House Abruptly Cut Off Funding to Coronavirus Grant Research, Dr. Fauci Says

White House abruptly cut off funding to coronavirus grant research, Dr Fauci says

The White House has abruptly cut off funding to the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) coronavirus research, said Dr Anthony Fauci, the director of the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.Mr Facui made the revelation when speaking to Congress on Tuesday about the fight...

www.yahoo.com

'...."Eventually, we'll all know the shoddy truth of how a conspiracy theory pushed by this administration led @NIH Director to block the only US research group still working in China to analyze COVID origins," he wrote. "Thanks to this China can now do the research, we can't!" '

We have already posted the co-authored Wuhan/Los Alamos/University of California study in this thread.

 

[badger2]

25 Jun 2020 Two Researchers Hope to Use Cannabis yo 'Temporarily Close the Doors' on Coronavirus

https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/how-two-researchers-hope-to-use-cannabis-to-temporarily-cloe-the-doors-on-coronavirus-181015918.html

'....ACE2 receptors....'

As a report has recently pointed out posted to this thread, there is more involved in COVID-19-host biology than simply the number of ACE2 receptors, and coronavirus mutations may be implicated. Good luck.

Cannabis / Glycosylation Patterns

Elucidation of structure-function relationship of THCA and CBDA synthase from Cannabis sativaL - PubMed

Cannabinoids are secondary natural products from the plant Cannabis sativaL. Therapeutic indications of cannabinoids currently comprise a significant area of medicinal research. We have expressed the Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....We performed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the glycosylation pattern....T_N89Q + N499Q (lacking two glycosylation sites) exerted about two-fold increase in activity....'

 

[badger2]

Here are two more reports for Cannabis:

COVID-19 and Cannabis

Cannabis in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Yin and Yang of the Endocannabinoid System in Immunocompetence - PubMed

<span><b><i>Editor's Note:</i></b> For those whose response to COVID-19 includes exploring beyond vaccines, conventional pharmaceuticals, and the watchful or healthy waiting until such tools might arrive, interest in cannabinoids has been high - and controversial. It has already stimulated one...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The potential of cannabidiol in the COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed

Identifying drugs effective in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial, pending a vaccine against SARS-CoV2. We suggest the hypothesis that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has the potential to limit the severity and progression of the disease for several...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

A high altitude animal is used to develop antibodies to COVID-19.

27 Jun 2020 Sweden / South Africa / Alpaca Nanobodies

Alpacas could hold the key to neutralising coronavirus, scientists say

Alpacas could hold the key to neutralising Covid-19 and help suppress any second wave of coronavirus and allow countries to safely lift lockdown, researchers have claimed. Scientists from universities in Sweden and South Africa have used nanobodies from an alpaca immunised against coronavirus to...

news.yahoo.com

A ridiculous URL to transcribe, readers can retrieve this report at RT:

'COVID-19 was in Spanish Sewage as Early as March 2019'

 

[badger2]

Alpacas being high-altitude animals, their breathing apparatus would be comparable to Sherpas of the Himalayas, and also to another animal implicated in transmission of COVID-19:

2017 Iowa / Portugal / Denmark / Chrysemys and Hypoxia

Effects of low-oxygen conditions on embryo growth in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta - PubMed

Low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia; <21% O₂ ) are considered unfavorable for growth; yet, embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean environments. Although enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in adult reptiles, such as in the painted turtle …

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

2016 Chrysemys and Anoxic Stress

The metabolic consequences of repeated anoxic stress in the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii - PubMed

The painted turtle is known for its extreme tolerance to anoxia, but it is unknown whether previous experience with anoxic stress might alter physiological performance during or following a test bout of anoxia. Repeatedly subjecting 25°C-acclimated painted turtles to 2h of anoxic stress every...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

This page has an excellent updates link, as situation worsens in Europe: theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/01/coronavirus-deaths-iran-rise-global-outbreak-worsens ' Coronavirus - Latest Updates https://the guardian.com/world/2020/mar/01/coronavirus-deaths-iran-rise-global-outbreak-worsens New...

www.usmessageboard.com

In post # 596 of this thread, we asked, "Would these phenomenon be applicable to vaccine design?" Alpaca 'high altitude' nanobodies are comparable.

27 Jun 2020 Why China Will Emerge from COVID-19 Stronger Than the U.S.

Why China will emerge from COVID-19 stronger than the US

China may end up in better shape than the U.S. after the coronavirus.

www.yahoo.com

COVID-19 patients in Wuhan were being fed with Pelodiscus soft-shelled turtle soup, unaware of its danger as potential vector, when in reality, Chinese culinary promiscuity has gotten the entire world involved.

25 Jun 2020 U.S. Rebuffs China Rejecting Links Between COVID and Food

U.S. Rebuffs China, Rejecting Links Between Covid and Food

(Bloomberg) -- U.S. health and agricultural authorities issued thinly veiled criticism of new demands from China for food-exporting companies to sign documents stating that they comply with safety standards to prevent transmission of Covid-19.“Efforts by some countries to restrict global food...

finance.yahoo.com

 

[badger2]

We mentioned parainfluenza in post #613 when investigating the salmon-COVID-19 Chinese link. Further on, we discover important links to Zika, Ebola, etc.

Firstly, our chrestomathy study (post #543) is co-authored from Wuhan, Ningbo, Tianjin, Weifang, Los Alamos, NM, U. of C. , SanDiego:

Evolutionary History, Potential Intermediate Animal Host, and Cross-Species Analyses of SARS-CoV-2
'....Interestingly, the coronavirus carried by pangolins did not have the RRAR motif (furin cleavage). Therefore, we conclude that the human SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the recent outbreak of COVID-19, did not come directly from pangolins.'

Zika Furin-Like Motif

Zika virus: mapping and reprogramming the entry - PubMed

Zika virus fusion occurs in late endosomes and is pH-dependent. These results broaden our understanding of Zika virus intracellular trafficking and may in future allow for development of novel treatment strategies. Further, we identified a novel mode of action for agents commonly used in studies...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....decanoyl-arg-val-lys-arg-chloromethylketone, as a furin inhibitor....led to a significant decrease in virus yield when administered p. I., suggesting that furin or furin-like enzymes play an important role during ZIKV replication, assembly or egress.'

Furin-Like Protease / Fruit Bats / Parainfluenza Virus 5F Protein

Analysis of cathepsin and furin proteolytic enzymes involved in viral fusion protein activation in cells of the bat reservoir host - PubMed

Bats of different species play a major role in the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic viruses including Ebola virus, SARS-like coronavirus and the henipaviruses. These viruses require proteolytic activation of surface envelope glycoproteins needed for entry, and cellular cathepsins...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ebola Furin Not Required

Endoproteolytic processing of the ebola virus envelope glycoprotein: cleavage is not required for function - PubMed

Proteolytic processing is required for the activation of numerous viral glycoproteins. Here we show that the envelope glycoprotein from the Zaire strain of Ebola virus (Ebo-GP) is proteolytically processed into two subunits, GP1 and GP2, that are likely covalently associated through a disulfide...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The motif for Zika (above) would read RVKR, comparable to the COVID-19 RRAR.

Human Parainfluenza / Furin
httpsw://www.ncbi.nlm.hih.gov/pubmed/7819326

RTKR Motif / Parainfluenza Type 3

Proteolytic cleavage of wild type and mutants of the F protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 by two subtilisin-like endoproteases, furin and Kex2 - PubMed

The fusion (F) protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 contains the tribasic cleavage site R-T-K-R, which was altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Wild-type F protein and various mutants were expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. The endogenous endoprotease present in CV-1 cells...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Parainfluenza also occurs in salmon.

PubMed

PubMed® comprises more than 36 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'Ref. #1 West Coast of Norway.'

 

[badger2]

The four PubMed refs (above) for salmon + parainfluenza virus:

Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) infection contributes to proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) in seawater-reared Salmo salar - PubMed

Proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) causes significant losses in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in Norway, especially during the first months following seawater transfer. The aetiology is apparently multifactorial, including infection with chlamydia-like bacteria and Atlantic salmon...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Isolation and partial characterization of a novel paramyxovirus from the gills of diseased seawater-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) - PubMed

A formerly undescribed virus has been isolated from the gills of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts in Norway suffering from gill disease. Cytopathic effects appeared in RTgill-W1 cells 9 weeks post-inoculation with gill tissue material. Virus production continued for an extended period...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Molecular characterisation of Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV): a novel paramyxovirus associated with proliferative gill inflammation - PubMed

Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) was isolated in 1995 from gills of farmed Atlantic salmon suffering from proliferative gill inflammation. The complete genome sequence of ASPV was determined, revealing a genome 16,968 nucleotides in length consisting of six non-overlapping genes coding for...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The complete genome sequence of the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) - PubMed

The complete RNA genome of the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV), isolated from Atlantic salmon suffering from proliferative gill inflammation (PGI), has been determined. The genome is 16,965 nucleotides in length and consists of six nonoverlapping genes in the order 3'- N - P/C/V - M - F -...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

In conjunction with the U.S. Army study for bungarotoxin (post #632), there is a reptilian paramyxovirus (parainfluenza virus is a family member of the Paramyxoviridae):

Fer-de-Lance Ferlavirus (New Genus)

Complete genome sequence of Fer-de-Lance virus reveals a novel gene in reptilian paramyxoviruses - PubMed

The complete RNA genome sequence of the archetype reptilian paramyxovirus, Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV), has been determined. The genome is 15,378 nucleotides in length and consists of seven nonoverlapping genes in the order 3' N-U-P-M-F-HN-L 5', coding for the nucleocapsid, unknown, phospho-...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

We mentioned a German study of the survival of some coronaviruses on steel surfaces for up to 28 days in post #391 (12 Feb 2020).

29 Jun 2020 The High Cost of Cheap Meat / Why Meatpacking Plants are Superspreaders

International - DER SPIEGEL

Deutschlands führende Nachrichtenseite. Alles Wichtige aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Sport, Kultur, Wissenschaft, Technik und mehr.

www.spiegel.de

'....The "metallic surfaces" and the "low temperatures," they report, enhance the longevity of viruses like SARS-CoV-2.'

 

[badger2]

But at Avian Flu Talk, they are still not specifically mentioning steel surfaces, though they mention everything else. That is why we reinforced the current German report (Speigel) with the earlier German report (post #391).

Avian Flu Talk: Why Meat Processing Plants?

Why Meat Processing Plants ( CRS, DrPH)

Calling Chuck who has background in this, or anyone else who may have any ideas...Why are the meat processing...

avianflutalk.com

 

[badger2]

The reason for linking "metallic surfaces" in the German COVID-19 meta processing report is due to mention of TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), a porcine coronavirus, in post #391, that can subsist on steel surfaces for 28 days.

Next we link the TGEV symptom to mink, also infected with COVID-19 (Denmark):

Mink Acute Gastroenteritis Circovirus
https://www.ncbi.nl;m.nih.gov/pubmed/29948383

Porcine Circovirus in Mink / Shandong, China

Genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 from dead minks - PubMed

Circovirus infection is a growing problem in the field of veterinary and public health. It is associated with enteric diseases in both mammalian and avian hosts. In this study, we detected and isolated porcine circovirus strains in the tissue samples of minks that died from diarrhoea in Shandong...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Novel Circovirus

Novel circovirus from mink, China - PubMed

A long-established epidemic of enteritis, caused by an unidentified pathogen distinct from parvovirus, has now been recognized in mink. In 2013, we identified a novel circovirus by degenerate PCR and fully sequenced its genome. This virus differs substantially from currently known members of the...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Most interesting is the cardiac sequelae in COVID-19 infections and other organ involvement. Here we link cardiac preconditioning to anoxia in Chrysemys (mentioned previously) and that to a circovirus of Chrysemys, further implicating it as potential intermediate host for COVID-19:

Chrysemys Preconditioning / Cardiac / Anoxia

Chrysemys - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

www.sciencedirect.com

'a single circo-like virus has been reported in macrophages of a painted turtle (Chr2ysemys sp.), with multifocal areas of necrosis in spleen and liver.....Studies of the genomes of snakes have shown that sequences of endogenous circoviruses can be found in these animals.'

2011 Germany / Circo-Like Virus in Chrysemys

Viruses infecting reptiles - PubMed

A large number of viruses have been described in many different reptiles. These viruses include arboviruses that primarily infect mammals or birds as well as viruses that are specific for reptiles. Interest in arboviruses infecting reptiles has mainly focused on the role reptiles may play in the...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....The virus was identified based on electron microscopy....Type species is porcine circovirus, and Gyrovirus, type species which is chicken anemia virus.'

The chicken anemia virus is reminiscent of IBV (infectious bronchitis [corona]virus) of chickens, already mentioned in this thread.

The Chrysemys circovirus is not listed on the wiki page:

Circovirus

Circovirus - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

'civet, mink, bat-associated, human-associated, porcine types 1-3, etc.'

 

[badger2]

We've already shown the COVID-19 link to ebola and other viruses via furin and furin-like mechanisms. Having mentioned paramyxovirus of salmon, snakes, etc., it should also be mentioned the ebola connection to the Paramyxoviridae. Our example will use remdesivir so that those interested in this drug can follow the science that we'll shortly link to COVID-19 and the macrophage, because media use of the term 'cytokine storm' will be shown to have been mislading.

We align the similarities between viruses:

Remdesivir

Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir - PubMed

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a 1'-cyano-substituted adenosine nucleotide analogue prodrug that shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. This compound is currently under clinical development for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). While antiviral effects have been...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....Examples of families of non-segmented negative-sense RNA viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome (Mononegavirales) including Filoviridae (e.g. EBOV), the Paramyxoviridae (e.g. Nipah virus), and the Pneumoviridae (e.g. RSV).'

A very excellent study for COVID-19 and the macrophage, recalling circovirus infection of potential COVID-19 intermediate host painted turtle Chrysemys macrophage in a previous post

COVID-19 / MAS

The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease - PubMed

Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients may exhibit features of systemic hyper-inflammation designated under the umbrella term of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or cytokine storm, also known as secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH). This is distinct from HLH associated...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

A new strain of flu has pandemic potential:

Flu virus with 'pandemic potential' found in China

The new strain, scientists say, is carried by pigs but can infect humans and requires close monitoring.

www.bbc.com

 

[badger2]

We first began to investigate cold-blooded phenomenon in post #111 & 112 of this thread, the COVID implication is for abbatoirs and meat-processing plants, steel surfaces, etc. Intriguingly, hepatitis B virus maturation is prevented by a compound produced by the mulberry tree, deoxynojirimycin. The tree begins to produce this compound in the twigs at first frost. Therefore, we continue to investigate connections between hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans and mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) which can subsist on steel surfaces for up to 28 days.

We have begun a furin/furin-like trajectory in order to elucidate comparative parameters twixt various viruses. Here is shown a hepatitis B virus link to the amino acid sequence of suspected COVID-19 intermediate host, Chrysemys (RRAR for Chrysemys):

Furin-Like HBV
https://wwws.ncb i.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17498766
'....The furin cleavage site consensus sequence is RXK/RR, which has strictly required arginine residues at both the head and tail of the cleavage site. The furin cleavage site of HBcAg C-terminus was reported as RRGR.
....
Recently, a patient was referred to our hospital for developing fulminant hepatitis B. Sequence analysis of the causal HBV revealed naturally occurring A2339G and G2345A mutations in the core region, and harboring a precore stop codon, G1896A. The replication efficiency in vitro of these clones was significantly higher than other clones with the G1896A mutation, which has been constructed before. The novel mutations may be responsible for the higher replications efficiency since the region of the mutation sites is adjacent to the furin cleavage site.'

Note then, that alanine and glycine link Chrysemys mutations to hepatitis B furin cleavage site. We interpret alanine as an "old" or "primitive" amino, whilst glycine we regard as "physically more flexible" for protein folding.

 

[badger2]

Influences on hepatitis B virus replication by a naturally occurring mutation in the core gene - PubMed

Little is known about specific naturally occurring mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and underlying mechanisms of their association with fulminant hepatitis. A HBV clone isolated from a patient with fulminant hepatitis was analyzed, and the features of the particular mutations observed around...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

This is latest on vaccine production:

1 Jul 2020 Vaccine from Pfizer

Covid-19 vaccine from Pfizer and BioNTech shows positive results

An experimental Covid-19 vaccine being developed by the drug giant Pfizer and the biotech firm BioNTech spurred immune responses in healthy patients, but also caused fever and other side effects, especially at higher doses, STAT News reports.

www.cnbc.com

'....The vaccine generated antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.'

 

[badger2]

On the, U.S one hand, Fauci and crew lost funding for COVID-19 origins research. On the other, U.S. helps arm Australia after Australia was chastised by the Chinese for being curious as to COVID-19 origins, too:

27 Ap 2020 China Threatens Australia If It Pushes For Investigation Over Coronavirus, Report Says

China Threatens Australia If It Pushes For Investigation Over Coronavirus, Report Says | The Daily Wire

www.dailywire.com

So, the Chinese threaten Australia with tourist boycott after China threatens the entire world with the chronic juvenile delinquency of its culinary promiscuity.

 

[badger2]

(Promedmail), BBC reports on four U.S. states:

Anatomy of Four Hotspot States

Coronavirus: What's behind alarming new US outbreaks?

Cases are rising in Texas, Florida, Arizona and California - here's a look at the data and the theories.

www.bbc.com