Watch older, thicker Arctic ice decline each week from 1990 to 2015

[Weatherman2020]

NOAA recently put together some time lapse satellite photography using photos taken every week for the last 25 years by polar orbiting satellites. It provides a stunning look at the true extent of the Arctic ice loss over just the last two and a half decades. The ice there was even thicker and larger in the 1950s than in the 1990s, much more so, according to data from shipping and Naval records.

The Arctic is warming at several times the rate as the rest of the planet. This has major consequences for many Northern Hemisphere weather systems and patterns, as we have witnessed here in America in recent winters. The Arctic Ice Cap has already shrunk enormously in extent and thickness. The northern glaciers in Alaska and Asia are melting faster. Greenland is melting faster and scientists have determined that it has lost 9 trillion tonnes of ice in the last century, with most of the loss in the last 30 years, adding to sea level rise.

This article explains it all pretty clearly and contains two short NOAA videos about the ice at the North Pole. Be sure to watch at least the first video showing the ice over time.

The Arctic Ice is melting faster than the global average
The Marshalltown
BY TAYLOR AUSTEN
12 JANUARY 2016



The climate change in the Arctic has been at least twice as fast as the global average. So Arctic Ocean ice levels are in decline.

Now, US scientists prepares a new time laps to show how large ice packs which survive more than one summer are becoming less frequent occurrences.

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have been common over mid-latitude land areas since 2005.

Each year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean builds up in the winter months and thin ice melts away during summer.

However, recently the change seems to be more dramatic. Old, multilayered icebergs are in decline and this visualization by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) makes everything clear related to how the Arctic is "warming faster than the global average."

Using satellite data, the video describes the decline of nine years or older ice packs from 1990 to 2015.

Sea ice in the Arctic can be characterized by areal extent, thickness, age, and movement.

The conditions on top of sea ice, such as the snow thickness and melt ponds, are alsoimportant. The oldest packs, shown in white, can be seen to deplete dramatically around 2008 amid the darkest blue seasonal ice.



According to the NOAA 2015 Arctic Report Card, last winter, - 'The spread of sea ice in the area was "the smallest on record" and the "melt season was 30 to 40 days longer than average" in the northern regions of Greenland'.

"Since the 1980s, the amount of multiyear ice has declined dramatically. In 1985, 20 percent of the ice pack was very old ice, but in March 2015 old ice only constituted three percent of the ice pack," it added.

The ice retreat is having an impact on wildlife, said the NOAA, changing the habitat for creatures such as walruses, who have to travel further for mating or birthing areas.

In September 2015, NASA reported that sea ice concentration was the fourth lowest on record since observations from space began.

Great news. Let me know when crocodiles and palm trees return to Alaska.

 

[Crick]

WESTWALL:

The End Permian Extinction Event is NOT the Permian Eocene Thermal Maximum. Read: Permian–Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Your PETM was 55 million years ago. The End Permian Extinction Events was 252 million years ago.

You actually claim to have a PhD in geology and you didn't know that?

 

[westwall]

WESTWALL:

The End Permian Extinction Event is NOT the Permian Eocene Thermal Maximum. Read: Permian–Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Your PETM was 55 million years ago. The End Permian Extinction Events was 252 million years ago.

You actually claim to have a PhD in geology and you didn't know that?

The FIRST entry in trolling blunders post dipshit....

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

How fucking stupid are you that you can't read?

 

[koshergrl]

The good news is that here in Oregon we've had more snow and water this year than we have in a while. No drought this summer, woo hoo!

 

[RollingThunder]

Humans have not lived on a planet without Arctic sea ice. As many have said, we are engaged in a planetary geophysical experiment that cannot be repeated and probably cannot be undone, and we do not know the exact outcome. Although scientists have been suggesting outcomes, and what they have been suggesting is not reassuring.

Which is pure unadulterated horse poo. Nothing that has ever been claimed to be a danger has ever happened when it was warmer in the past.

Another fraudulent anti-science denier cult myth.

The whole Earth has never warmed up like this in recorded human history. It has never been as warm as it is now for at least the last 5 or 6 thousand years, and probably much longer, back over 120,000 years ago, during the last interglacial.

The Earth has very seldom EVER warmed as fast as it is warming now in all of the geological history that the geologists have been able to decipher. When it has very rapidly warmed in the past, mass extinctions have resulted.

Mass Extinctions Tied to Past Climate Changes
Fossil and temperature records over the past 520 million years show a correlation between extinctions and climate change
Scientific American
By David Biello
October 24, 2007
Roughly 251 million years ago, an estimated 70 percent of land plants and animals died, along with 84 percent of ocean organisms—an event known as the end Permian extinction. The cause is unknown but it is known that this period was also an extremely warm one. A new analysis of the temperature and fossil records over the past 520 million years reveals that the end of the Permian is not alone in this association: global warming is consistently associated with planetwide die-offs.

"There have been three major greenhouse phases in the time period we analyzed and the peaks in temperature of each coincide with mass extinctions," says ecologist Peter Mayhew of the University of York in England, who led the research examining the fossil and temperature records. "The fossil record and temperature data sets already existed but nobody had looked at the relationships between them."

Pairing these data - the relative number of different shallow sea organisms extant during a given time period and the record of temperature encased in the varying levels of oxygen isotopes in their shells over 10 million year intervals - reveals that eras with relatively high concentrations of greenhouse gases bode ill for the number of species on Earth. "The rule appears to be that greenhouse worlds adversely affect biodiversity," Mayhew says.

That also bodes ill for the fate of species currently on Earth as the global temperatures continue to rise to levels similar to those seen during the Permian. "The risk of future extinction through rapid global warming is primarily expected to occur through mismatches between the climates to which organisms are adapted in their current range and the future distribution of those climates," Mayhew and his colleagues write in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, though it may also be that warmer temperatures lead to less hospitable seas, he adds.

That is not to say that global warming was the cause of this Permian wipeout or that all mass extinctions are associated with warmer worlds - witness the disappearance of 60 percent of different groups of marine organisms during the cooling at the end of the Ordovician period roughly 430 million years ago. But these scientists argue that the evidence of a link between climate change and mass extinctions gives reason to be concerned for the future. "We need to know the mechanism behind the associations and we need to know if associations of this sort also occur in shorter-term climatic fluctuations," Mayhew says. "That will help us decide if this is really a worry for the next generation or if the threat is merely a distant future threat."

This is all just a bunch of propaganda designed to frighten the natives and the only people who care are those who hope to profit from the scam. Period.

Your absurd paranoid crackpot conspiracy theories about all of the scientists in the world are hilariously insane.

The fact is NO mass extinction event has a
shred of empirical data to support the thought that warmth was the cause. None.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect strikes again.

Ignorant clueless uneducated denier cult trolls imagine that they know everything...far more than mere scientists who have only collectively studied some areas of interest for over a century.

A few examples....

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
Climate change during the last 65 million years as expressed by the oxygen isotope composition of benthic foraminifera. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), alternatively "Eocene thermal maximum 1" (ETM1), and formerly known as the "Initial Eocene" or "Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum" refers to a climate event that began at the temporal boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. The absolute age and duration of the event remain uncertain, but are thought to be close to 55.8 million years ago and about 170,000 years of duration[1][2][3] The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5] The PETM is marked by a prominent negative excursion in carbon stable isotope (δ13C) records from around the globe; more specifically, there was a large decrease in 13C/12C ratio of marine and terrestrial carbonates and organic carbon.[5][6][7]

Numerous other changes can be observed in stratigraphic sections containing the PETM.[5] Fossil records for many organisms show major turnovers. For example, in the marine realm, a mass extinction of benthic foraminifera, a global expansion of subtropical dinoflagellates, and an appearance of excursion, planktic foraminifera and calcareous nanofossils all occurred during the beginning stages of PETM. On land, there was a sudden appearance of modern mammal orders (including primates) in Europe and North America. Sediment deposition changed significantly at many outcrops and in many drill cores spanning this time interval.

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.
***

The great mass extinctions
The Washington Post
By Bonnie Berkowitz and Alberto Cuadra
June 29, 2015
(excerpts)
Scientists have identified five times when a huge portion of Earth’s species died out relatively rapidly. Each time, something created an upheaval that altered the planet faster than those species could adapt. A growing number of scientists think we are a few hundred years into a sixth mass extinction, possibly the fastest one yet. And the cause of the upheaval, they say, is human activity.

End Permian (252 million years ago) Some scholars say up to 98 percent of all Earth’s species disappeared in “The Great Dying,” the largest mass extinction. Notable among them were trilobites, two groups of coral, giant sea scorpions and large, mammallike reptiles. Life was not so diverse again for 10 million to 20 million years.

Probable cause: Continental movement caused a massive flood basalt in what is now Siberia. (Flood basalts are volcano-like formations that release magma flows.) Resulting greenhouse gases caused global warming and effected oceans by increasing acidity and decreasing oxygen. Sauroctonus species lost 90%

Late Triassic (201 million years ago) This period spelled the end for most large amphibians and mammallike reptiles, as well as sea creatures such as eellike conodonts, ammonites and most species of bivalves.

Probable cause: Volcanic rifting and flood basalts in what would become the North Atlantic triggered falling sea levels, greenhouse gas release and global warming.

There is plenty that shows COLD to have been the cause in the form of glacial striations all over the world that coincide with mass extinctions.

Your usual fraudulent unsupported claims.

Cooling played a part in some of the extinction events but warming was the cause of most of them.

Extinction event
Wikipedia
(excerpts)
Identifying causes of particular mass extinctions
A good theory for a particular mass extinction should: (i) explain all of the losses, not just focus on a few groups (such as dinosaurs); (ii) explain why particular groups of organisms died out and why others survived; (iii) provide mechanisms which are strong enough to cause a mass extinction but not a total extinction; (iv) be based on events or processes that can be shown to have happened, not just inferred from the extinction.

It may be necessary to consider combinations of causes. For example, the marine aspect of the end-Cretaceous extinction appears to have been caused by several processes which partially overlapped in time and may have had different levels of significance in different parts of the world.[37]

Arens and West (2006) proposed a "press / pulse" model in which mass extinctions generally require two types of cause: long-term pressure on the eco-system ("press") and a sudden catastrophe ("pulse") towards the end of the period of pressure.[38] Their statistical analysis of marine extinction rates throughout the Phanerozoic suggested that neither long-term pressure alone nor a catastrophe alone was sufficient to cause a significant increase in the extinction rate.

Causes
The most commonly suggested causes of mass extinctions are listed below.

Flood basalt events
The formation of large igneous provinces by flood basalt events could have:

• produced dust and particulate aerosols which inhibited photosynthesis and thus caused food chains to collapse both on land and at sea
• emitted sulfur oxides which were precipitated as acid rain and poisoned many organisms, contributing further to the collapse of food chains
• emitted carbon dioxide and thus possibly causing sustained global warming once the dust and particulate aerosols dissipated.

Flood basalt events occur as pulses of activity punctuated by dormant periods. As a result, they are likely to cause the climate to oscillate between cooling and warming, but with an overall trend towards warming as the carbon dioxide they emit can stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

It is speculated that massive volcanism caused or contributed to the End-Permian, End-Triassic and End-Cretaceous extinctions.[46] The correlation between gigantic volcanic events expressed in the large igneous provinces and mass extinctions was shown for the last 260 Myr.[47][48] Recently such possible correlation was extended for the whole Phanerozoic Eon.[49]

Sustained and significant global cooling
Sustained global cooling could kill many polar and temperate species and force others to migrate towards the equator; reduce the area available for tropical species; often make the Earth's climate more arid on average, mainly by locking up more of the planet's water in ice and snow. The glaciation cycles of the current ice age are believed to have had only a very mild impact on biodiversity, so the mere existence of a significant cooling is not sufficient on its own to explain a mass extinction.

It has been suggested that global cooling caused or contributed to the End-Ordovician, Permian-Triassic, Late Devonian extinctions, and possibly others. Sustained global cooling is distinguished from the temporary climatic effects of flood basalt events or impacts.

Sustained and significant global warming
This would have the opposite effects: expand the area available for tropical species; kill temperate species or force them to migrate towards the poles; possibly cause severe extinctions of polar species; often make the Earth's climate wetter on average, mainly by melting ice and snow and thus increasing the volume of the water cycle. It might also cause anoxic events in the oceans (see below).

Global warming as a cause of mass extinction is supported by several recent studies.[54]

The most dramatic example of sustained warming is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions. It has also been suggested to have caused the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, during which 20% of all marine families went extinct. Furthermore, the Permian–Triassic extinction event has been suggested to have been caused by warming.[55][56][57] Human-caused global warming is contributing to extinctions today.

Clathrate gun hypothesis
Main article: Clathrate gun hypothesis
Clathrates are composites in which a lattice of one substance forms a cage around another. Methane clathrates (in which water molecules are the cage) form on continental shelves. These clathrates are likely to break up rapidly and release the methane if the temperature rises quickly or the pressure on them drops quickly—for example in response to sudden global warming or a sudden drop in sea level or even earthquakes. Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, so a methane eruption ("clathrate gun") could cause rapid global warming or make it much more severe if the eruption was itself caused by global warming.

The most likely signature of such a methane eruption would be a sudden decrease in the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in sediments, since methane clathrates are low in carbon-13; but the change would have to be very large, as other events can also reduce the percentage of carbon-13.[58]

It has been suggested that "clathrate gun" methane eruptions were involved in the end-Permian extinction ("the Great Dying") and in the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions.

Anoxic events
Anoxic events are situations in which the middle and even the upper layers of the ocean become deficient or totally lacking in oxygen. Their causes are complex and controversial, but all known instances are associated with severe and sustained global warming, mostly caused by sustained massive volcanism.

It has been suggested that anoxic events caused or contributed to the Ordovician–Silurian, late Devonian, Permian–Triassicand Triassic–Jurassic extinctions, as well as a number of lesser extinctions (such as the Ireviken, Mulde, Lau, Toarcian and Cenomanian–Turonian events).

Thank you, thank you, thank you, you ignorant fucking twit! The PETM was not a mass extinction event. In fact, far from it......

More anti-science insanity and denial of reality.

I posted the evidence about the PETM and ol' Walleyes denies it exists.

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5]

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.

He even denies the the PETM is considered an extinction event.

During the PETM extinction event that took place 55 million years ago, the oceans were warming just as they are today.
FEBRUARY 13, 2011
“Abrupt Planetary Catastrophic Global Warming. It’s happened before. We have the planet headed that way again.” – A November 2010 statement by the Geological Society of London regarding catastrophic climate change and methane hydrates

The 2001 documentary “The Day the Oceans Boiled” examined what was new evidence in 1999. [4] Scientists had discovered that the expected rise in global temperature in the near future could be only the start of a much greater increase. The evidence uncovered warned that our Earth’s temperature could rise by 20 degrees within the next three generations. The documentary follows scientists uncovering evidence for what caused massive, abrupt climate shifts that happened 55 million years ago. *This was the last time the Earth’s temperature accelerated quickly, causing many animals to shrink, with horses becoming the size of modern domestic cats. It took the planet 60,000 years to cool down again.

Santo Bains's (of Oxford University’s Department of Earth Sciences) scientific analysis confirmed that at the time the mammals shrank, the atmospheric carbon levels had suddenly risen abruptly - causing a rapid warming of ocean waters. As he examined more samples, Bains discovered something extraordinary. There was not just one sudden rise in temperature. There were three. Temperatures accelerated dramatically in three succinct steps over a period of just a few of hundred years for a total temperature increase of approximately 8ºC. The rise in atmospheric carbon was just as dramatic. The jumps in Bains’s graph add up to one and a half trillion tonnes of carbon. His discovery was the first time this was recognized in the geological record. Where did all of the carbon come from? Methane hydrates are believed to be the only explanation. Methane hydrates quickly decomposed, releasing vast amounts of carbon into the oceans and into the atmosphere.

Bain’s research suggests that prior to the extinction, a massive release of methane caused a severe feedback, which then resulted in a second immense methane release. The second release caused an even greater amplifying effect, thereby causing a severe third release, which finally resulted in a runaway greenhouse event of mass extinction.

Methane hydrates have been formed over millions of years on the floor of our oceans and seas from decaying organic matter carried there by rivers. The methane takes the form of methane hydrates – methane gas frozen into lattices of ice (called clathrate [5]) that lie in ocean floor sediment off the continental coasts of our planet, storing massive amounts of carbon. When the frozen hydrates melt, 170 times the volume of methane gas comes bubbling out. The pressure only stays locked up if the pressure of the sea floor remains high and the temperature stays low. If this balance changes, the methane will quickly escape.

 

[Crick]

WESTWALL:

The End Permian Extinction Event is NOT the Permian Eocene Thermal Maximum. Read: Permian–Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Your PETM was 55 million years ago. The End Permian Extinction Events was 252 million years ago.

You actually claim to have a PhD in geology and you didn't know that?

The FIRST entry in trolling blunders post dipshit....

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

How fucking stupid are you that you can't read?

I see I did not scroll back far enough. My apologies.

 

[westwall]

Humans have not lived on a planet without Arctic sea ice. As many have said, we are engaged in a planetary geophysical experiment that cannot be repeated and probably cannot be undone, and we do not know the exact outcome. Although scientists have been suggesting outcomes, and what they have been suggesting is not reassuring.

Which is pure unadulterated horse poo. Nothing that has ever been claimed to be a danger has ever happened when it was warmer in the past.

Another fraudulent anti-science denier cult myth.

The whole Earth has never warmed up like this in recorded human history. It has never been as warm as it is now for at least the last 5 or 6 thousand years, and probably much longer, back over 120,000 years ago, during the last interglacial.

The Earth has very seldom EVER warmed as fast as it is warming now in all of the geological history that the geologists have been able to decipher. When it has very rapidly warmed in the past, mass extinctions have resulted.

Mass Extinctions Tied to Past Climate Changes
Fossil and temperature records over the past 520 million years show a correlation between extinctions and climate change
Scientific American
By David Biello
October 24, 2007
Roughly 251 million years ago, an estimated 70 percent of land plants and animals died, along with 84 percent of ocean organisms—an event known as the end Permian extinction. The cause is unknown but it is known that this period was also an extremely warm one. A new analysis of the temperature and fossil records over the past 520 million years reveals that the end of the Permian is not alone in this association: global warming is consistently associated with planetwide die-offs.

"There have been three major greenhouse phases in the time period we analyzed and the peaks in temperature of each coincide with mass extinctions," says ecologist Peter Mayhew of the University of York in England, who led the research examining the fossil and temperature records. "The fossil record and temperature data sets already existed but nobody had looked at the relationships between them."

Pairing these data - the relative number of different shallow sea organisms extant during a given time period and the record of temperature encased in the varying levels of oxygen isotopes in their shells over 10 million year intervals - reveals that eras with relatively high concentrations of greenhouse gases bode ill for the number of species on Earth. "The rule appears to be that greenhouse worlds adversely affect biodiversity," Mayhew says.

That also bodes ill for the fate of species currently on Earth as the global temperatures continue to rise to levels similar to those seen during the Permian. "The risk of future extinction through rapid global warming is primarily expected to occur through mismatches between the climates to which organisms are adapted in their current range and the future distribution of those climates," Mayhew and his colleagues write in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, though it may also be that warmer temperatures lead to less hospitable seas, he adds.

That is not to say that global warming was the cause of this Permian wipeout or that all mass extinctions are associated with warmer worlds - witness the disappearance of 60 percent of different groups of marine organisms during the cooling at the end of the Ordovician period roughly 430 million years ago. But these scientists argue that the evidence of a link between climate change and mass extinctions gives reason to be concerned for the future. "We need to know the mechanism behind the associations and we need to know if associations of this sort also occur in shorter-term climatic fluctuations," Mayhew says. "That will help us decide if this is really a worry for the next generation or if the threat is merely a distant future threat."

This is all just a bunch of propaganda designed to frighten the natives and the only people who care are those who hope to profit from the scam. Period.

Your absurd paranoid crackpot conspiracy theories about all of the scientists in the world are hilariously insane.

The fact is NO mass extinction event has a
shred of empirical data to support the thought that warmth was the cause. None.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect strikes again.

Ignorant clueless uneducated denier cult trolls imagine that they know everything...far more than mere scientists who have only collectively studied some areas of interest for over a century.

A few examples....

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
Climate change during the last 65 million years as expressed by the oxygen isotope composition of benthic foraminifera. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), alternatively "Eocene thermal maximum 1" (ETM1), and formerly known as the "Initial Eocene" or "Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum" refers to a climate event that began at the temporal boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. The absolute age and duration of the event remain uncertain, but are thought to be close to 55.8 million years ago and about 170,000 years of duration[1][2][3] The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5] The PETM is marked by a prominent negative excursion in carbon stable isotope (δ13C) records from around the globe; more specifically, there was a large decrease in 13C/12C ratio of marine and terrestrial carbonates and organic carbon.[5][6][7]

Numerous other changes can be observed in stratigraphic sections containing the PETM.[5] Fossil records for many organisms show major turnovers. For example, in the marine realm, a mass extinction of benthic foraminifera, a global expansion of subtropical dinoflagellates, and an appearance of excursion, planktic foraminifera and calcareous nanofossils all occurred during the beginning stages of PETM. On land, there was a sudden appearance of modern mammal orders (including primates) in Europe and North America. Sediment deposition changed significantly at many outcrops and in many drill cores spanning this time interval.

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.
***

The great mass extinctions
The Washington Post
By Bonnie Berkowitz and Alberto Cuadra
June 29, 2015
(excerpts)
Scientists have identified five times when a huge portion of Earth’s species died out relatively rapidly. Each time, something created an upheaval that altered the planet faster than those species could adapt. A growing number of scientists think we are a few hundred years into a sixth mass extinction, possibly the fastest one yet. And the cause of the upheaval, they say, is human activity.

End Permian (252 million years ago) Some scholars say up to 98 percent of all Earth’s species disappeared in “The Great Dying,” the largest mass extinction. Notable among them were trilobites, two groups of coral, giant sea scorpions and large, mammallike reptiles. Life was not so diverse again for 10 million to 20 million years.

Probable cause: Continental movement caused a massive flood basalt in what is now Siberia. (Flood basalts are volcano-like formations that release magma flows.) Resulting greenhouse gases caused global warming and effected oceans by increasing acidity and decreasing oxygen. Sauroctonus species lost 90%

Late Triassic (201 million years ago) This period spelled the end for most large amphibians and mammallike reptiles, as well as sea creatures such as eellike conodonts, ammonites and most species of bivalves.

Probable cause: Volcanic rifting and flood basalts in what would become the North Atlantic triggered falling sea levels, greenhouse gas release and global warming.

There is plenty that shows COLD to have been the cause in the form of glacial striations all over the world that coincide with mass extinctions.

Your usual fraudulent unsupported claims.

Cooling played a part in some of the extinction events but warming was the cause of most of them.

Extinction event
Wikipedia
(excerpts)
Identifying causes of particular mass extinctions
A good theory for a particular mass extinction should: (i) explain all of the losses, not just focus on a few groups (such as dinosaurs); (ii) explain why particular groups of organisms died out and why others survived; (iii) provide mechanisms which are strong enough to cause a mass extinction but not a total extinction; (iv) be based on events or processes that can be shown to have happened, not just inferred from the extinction.

It may be necessary to consider combinations of causes. For example, the marine aspect of the end-Cretaceous extinction appears to have been caused by several processes which partially overlapped in time and may have had different levels of significance in different parts of the world.[37]

Arens and West (2006) proposed a "press / pulse" model in which mass extinctions generally require two types of cause: long-term pressure on the eco-system ("press") and a sudden catastrophe ("pulse") towards the end of the period of pressure.[38] Their statistical analysis of marine extinction rates throughout the Phanerozoic suggested that neither long-term pressure alone nor a catastrophe alone was sufficient to cause a significant increase in the extinction rate.

Causes
The most commonly suggested causes of mass extinctions are listed below.

Flood basalt events
The formation of large igneous provinces by flood basalt events could have:

• produced dust and particulate aerosols which inhibited photosynthesis and thus caused food chains to collapse both on land and at sea
• emitted sulfur oxides which were precipitated as acid rain and poisoned many organisms, contributing further to the collapse of food chains
• emitted carbon dioxide and thus possibly causing sustained global warming once the dust and particulate aerosols dissipated.

Flood basalt events occur as pulses of activity punctuated by dormant periods. As a result, they are likely to cause the climate to oscillate between cooling and warming, but with an overall trend towards warming as the carbon dioxide they emit can stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

It is speculated that massive volcanism caused or contributed to the End-Permian, End-Triassic and End-Cretaceous extinctions.[46] The correlation between gigantic volcanic events expressed in the large igneous provinces and mass extinctions was shown for the last 260 Myr.[47][48] Recently such possible correlation was extended for the whole Phanerozoic Eon.[49]

Sustained and significant global cooling
Sustained global cooling could kill many polar and temperate species and force others to migrate towards the equator; reduce the area available for tropical species; often make the Earth's climate more arid on average, mainly by locking up more of the planet's water in ice and snow. The glaciation cycles of the current ice age are believed to have had only a very mild impact on biodiversity, so the mere existence of a significant cooling is not sufficient on its own to explain a mass extinction.

It has been suggested that global cooling caused or contributed to the End-Ordovician, Permian-Triassic, Late Devonian extinctions, and possibly others. Sustained global cooling is distinguished from the temporary climatic effects of flood basalt events or impacts.

Sustained and significant global warming
This would have the opposite effects: expand the area available for tropical species; kill temperate species or force them to migrate towards the poles; possibly cause severe extinctions of polar species; often make the Earth's climate wetter on average, mainly by melting ice and snow and thus increasing the volume of the water cycle. It might also cause anoxic events in the oceans (see below).

Global warming as a cause of mass extinction is supported by several recent studies.[54]

The most dramatic example of sustained warming is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions. It has also been suggested to have caused the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, during which 20% of all marine families went extinct. Furthermore, the Permian–Triassic extinction event has been suggested to have been caused by warming.[55][56][57] Human-caused global warming is contributing to extinctions today.

Clathrate gun hypothesis
Main article: Clathrate gun hypothesis
Clathrates are composites in which a lattice of one substance forms a cage around another. Methane clathrates (in which water molecules are the cage) form on continental shelves. These clathrates are likely to break up rapidly and release the methane if the temperature rises quickly or the pressure on them drops quickly—for example in response to sudden global warming or a sudden drop in sea level or even earthquakes. Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, so a methane eruption ("clathrate gun") could cause rapid global warming or make it much more severe if the eruption was itself caused by global warming.

The most likely signature of such a methane eruption would be a sudden decrease in the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in sediments, since methane clathrates are low in carbon-13; but the change would have to be very large, as other events can also reduce the percentage of carbon-13.[58]

It has been suggested that "clathrate gun" methane eruptions were involved in the end-Permian extinction ("the Great Dying") and in the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions.

Anoxic events
Anoxic events are situations in which the middle and even the upper layers of the ocean become deficient or totally lacking in oxygen. Their causes are complex and controversial, but all known instances are associated with severe and sustained global warming, mostly caused by sustained massive volcanism.

It has been suggested that anoxic events caused or contributed to the Ordovician–Silurian, late Devonian, Permian–Triassicand Triassic–Jurassic extinctions, as well as a number of lesser extinctions (such as the Ireviken, Mulde, Lau, Toarcian and Cenomanian–Turonian events).

Thank you, thank you, thank you, you ignorant fucking twit! The PETM was not a mass extinction event. In fact, far from it......

More anti-science insanity and denial of reality.

I posted the evidence about the PETM and ol' Walleyes denies it exists.

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5]

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.

He even denies the the PETM is considered an extinction event.

During the PETM extinction event that took place 55 million years ago, the oceans were warming just as they are today.
FEBRUARY 13, 2011
“Abrupt Planetary Catastrophic Global Warming. It’s happened before. We have the planet headed that way again.” – A November 2010 statement by the Geological Society of London regarding catastrophic climate change and methane hydrates

The 2001 documentary “The Day the Oceans Boiled” examined what was new evidence in 1999. [4] Scientists had discovered that the expected rise in global temperature in the near future could be only the start of a much greater increase. The evidence uncovered warned that our Earth’s temperature could rise by 20 degrees within the next three generations. The documentary follows scientists uncovering evidence for what caused massive, abrupt climate shifts that happened 55 million years ago. *This was the last time the Earth’s temperature accelerated quickly, causing many animals to shrink, with horses becoming the size of modern domestic cats. It took the planet 60,000 years to cool down again.

Santo Bains's (of Oxford University’s Department of Earth Sciences) scientific analysis confirmed that at the time the mammals shrank, the atmospheric carbon levels had suddenly risen abruptly - causing a rapid warming of ocean waters. As he examined more samples, Bains discovered something extraordinary. There was not just one sudden rise in temperature. There were three. Temperatures accelerated dramatically in three succinct steps over a period of just a few of hundred years for a total temperature increase of approximately 8ºC. The rise in atmospheric carbon was just as dramatic. The jumps in Bains’s graph add up to one and a half trillion tonnes of carbon. His discovery was the first time this was recognized in the geological record. Where did all of the carbon come from? Methane hydrates are believed to be the only explanation. Methane hydrates quickly decomposed, releasing vast amounts of carbon into the oceans and into the atmosphere.

Bain’s research suggests that prior to the extinction, a massive release of methane caused a severe feedback, which then resulted in a second immense methane release. The second release caused an even greater amplifying effect, thereby causing a severe third release, which finally resulted in a runaway greenhouse event of mass extinction.

Methane hydrates have been formed over millions of years on the floor of our oceans and seas from decaying organic matter carried there by rivers. The methane takes the form of methane hydrates – methane gas frozen into lattices of ice (called clathrate [5]) that lie in ocean floor sediment off the continental coasts of our planet, storing massive amounts of carbon. When the frozen hydrates melt, 170 times the volume of methane gas comes bubbling out. The pressure only stays locked up if the pressure of the sea floor remains high and the temperature stays low. If this balance changes, the methane will quickly escape.

Everything you have posted is crap. It is well known that the PETM was a garden of eden. The ONLY life forms that died were the aforementioned benthic forams. Terrestrial life (that means stuff that lives on land for you anti science types like trolling blunder here) BLOSSOMED! All the species that exist today evolved during the PETM.

Your post is as full of shit as you are.

 

[koshergrl]

Humans have not lived on a planet without Arctic sea ice. As many have said, we are engaged in a planetary geophysical experiment that cannot be repeated and probably cannot be undone, and we do not know the exact outcome. Although scientists have been suggesting outcomes, and what they have been suggesting is not reassuring.

Which is pure unadulterated horse poo. Nothing that has ever been claimed to be a danger has ever happened when it was warmer in the past.

Another fraudulent anti-science denier cult myth.

The whole Earth has never warmed up like this in recorded human history. It has never been as warm as it is now for at least the last 5 or 6 thousand years, and probably much longer, back over 120,000 years ago, during the last interglacial.

The Earth has very seldom EVER warmed as fast as it is warming now in all of the geological history that the geologists have been able to decipher. When it has very rapidly warmed in the past, mass extinctions have resulted.

Mass Extinctions Tied to Past Climate Changes
Fossil and temperature records over the past 520 million years show a correlation between extinctions and climate change
Scientific American
By David Biello
October 24, 2007
Roughly 251 million years ago, an estimated 70 percent of land plants and animals died, along with 84 percent of ocean organisms—an event known as the end Permian extinction. The cause is unknown but it is known that this period was also an extremely warm one. A new analysis of the temperature and fossil records over the past 520 million years reveals that the end of the Permian is not alone in this association: global warming is consistently associated with planetwide die-offs.

"There have been three major greenhouse phases in the time period we analyzed and the peaks in temperature of each coincide with mass extinctions," says ecologist Peter Mayhew of the University of York in England, who led the research examining the fossil and temperature records. "The fossil record and temperature data sets already existed but nobody had looked at the relationships between them."

Pairing these data - the relative number of different shallow sea organisms extant during a given time period and the record of temperature encased in the varying levels of oxygen isotopes in their shells over 10 million year intervals - reveals that eras with relatively high concentrations of greenhouse gases bode ill for the number of species on Earth. "The rule appears to be that greenhouse worlds adversely affect biodiversity," Mayhew says.

That also bodes ill for the fate of species currently on Earth as the global temperatures continue to rise to levels similar to those seen during the Permian. "The risk of future extinction through rapid global warming is primarily expected to occur through mismatches between the climates to which organisms are adapted in their current range and the future distribution of those climates," Mayhew and his colleagues write in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, though it may also be that warmer temperatures lead to less hospitable seas, he adds.

That is not to say that global warming was the cause of this Permian wipeout or that all mass extinctions are associated with warmer worlds - witness the disappearance of 60 percent of different groups of marine organisms during the cooling at the end of the Ordovician period roughly 430 million years ago. But these scientists argue that the evidence of a link between climate change and mass extinctions gives reason to be concerned for the future. "We need to know the mechanism behind the associations and we need to know if associations of this sort also occur in shorter-term climatic fluctuations," Mayhew says. "That will help us decide if this is really a worry for the next generation or if the threat is merely a distant future threat."

This is all just a bunch of propaganda designed to frighten the natives and the only people who care are those who hope to profit from the scam. Period.

Your absurd paranoid crackpot conspiracy theories about all of the scientists in the world are hilariously insane.

The fact is NO mass extinction event has a
shred of empirical data to support the thought that warmth was the cause. None.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect strikes again.

Ignorant clueless uneducated denier cult trolls imagine that they know everything...far more than mere scientists who have only collectively studied some areas of interest for over a century.

A few examples....

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
Climate change during the last 65 million years as expressed by the oxygen isotope composition of benthic foraminifera. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), alternatively "Eocene thermal maximum 1" (ETM1), and formerly known as the "Initial Eocene" or "Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum" refers to a climate event that began at the temporal boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. The absolute age and duration of the event remain uncertain, but are thought to be close to 55.8 million years ago and about 170,000 years of duration[1][2][3] The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5] The PETM is marked by a prominent negative excursion in carbon stable isotope (δ13C) records from around the globe; more specifically, there was a large decrease in 13C/12C ratio of marine and terrestrial carbonates and organic carbon.[5][6][7]

Numerous other changes can be observed in stratigraphic sections containing the PETM.[5] Fossil records for many organisms show major turnovers. For example, in the marine realm, a mass extinction of benthic foraminifera, a global expansion of subtropical dinoflagellates, and an appearance of excursion, planktic foraminifera and calcareous nanofossils all occurred during the beginning stages of PETM. On land, there was a sudden appearance of modern mammal orders (including primates) in Europe and North America. Sediment deposition changed significantly at many outcrops and in many drill cores spanning this time interval.

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.
***

The great mass extinctions
The Washington Post
By Bonnie Berkowitz and Alberto Cuadra
June 29, 2015
(excerpts)
Scientists have identified five times when a huge portion of Earth’s species died out relatively rapidly. Each time, something created an upheaval that altered the planet faster than those species could adapt. A growing number of scientists think we are a few hundred years into a sixth mass extinction, possibly the fastest one yet. And the cause of the upheaval, they say, is human activity.

End Permian (252 million years ago) Some scholars say up to 98 percent of all Earth’s species disappeared in “The Great Dying,” the largest mass extinction. Notable among them were trilobites, two groups of coral, giant sea scorpions and large, mammallike reptiles. Life was not so diverse again for 10 million to 20 million years.

Probable cause: Continental movement caused a massive flood basalt in what is now Siberia. (Flood basalts are volcano-like formations that release magma flows.) Resulting greenhouse gases caused global warming and effected oceans by increasing acidity and decreasing oxygen. Sauroctonus species lost 90%

Late Triassic (201 million years ago) This period spelled the end for most large amphibians and mammallike reptiles, as well as sea creatures such as eellike conodonts, ammonites and most species of bivalves.

Probable cause: Volcanic rifting and flood basalts in what would become the North Atlantic triggered falling sea levels, greenhouse gas release and global warming.

There is plenty that shows COLD to have been the cause in the form of glacial striations all over the world that coincide with mass extinctions.

Your usual fraudulent unsupported claims.

Cooling played a part in some of the extinction events but warming was the cause of most of them.

Extinction event
Wikipedia
(excerpts)
Identifying causes of particular mass extinctions
A good theory for a particular mass extinction should: (i) explain all of the losses, not just focus on a few groups (such as dinosaurs); (ii) explain why particular groups of organisms died out and why others survived; (iii) provide mechanisms which are strong enough to cause a mass extinction but not a total extinction; (iv) be based on events or processes that can be shown to have happened, not just inferred from the extinction.

It may be necessary to consider combinations of causes. For example, the marine aspect of the end-Cretaceous extinction appears to have been caused by several processes which partially overlapped in time and may have had different levels of significance in different parts of the world.[37]

Arens and West (2006) proposed a "press / pulse" model in which mass extinctions generally require two types of cause: long-term pressure on the eco-system ("press") and a sudden catastrophe ("pulse") towards the end of the period of pressure.[38] Their statistical analysis of marine extinction rates throughout the Phanerozoic suggested that neither long-term pressure alone nor a catastrophe alone was sufficient to cause a significant increase in the extinction rate.

Causes
The most commonly suggested causes of mass extinctions are listed below.

Flood basalt events
The formation of large igneous provinces by flood basalt events could have:

• produced dust and particulate aerosols which inhibited photosynthesis and thus caused food chains to collapse both on land and at sea
• emitted sulfur oxides which were precipitated as acid rain and poisoned many organisms, contributing further to the collapse of food chains
• emitted carbon dioxide and thus possibly causing sustained global warming once the dust and particulate aerosols dissipated.

Flood basalt events occur as pulses of activity punctuated by dormant periods. As a result, they are likely to cause the climate to oscillate between cooling and warming, but with an overall trend towards warming as the carbon dioxide they emit can stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

It is speculated that massive volcanism caused or contributed to the End-Permian, End-Triassic and End-Cretaceous extinctions.[46] The correlation between gigantic volcanic events expressed in the large igneous provinces and mass extinctions was shown for the last 260 Myr.[47][48] Recently such possible correlation was extended for the whole Phanerozoic Eon.[49]

Sustained and significant global cooling
Sustained global cooling could kill many polar and temperate species and force others to migrate towards the equator; reduce the area available for tropical species; often make the Earth's climate more arid on average, mainly by locking up more of the planet's water in ice and snow. The glaciation cycles of the current ice age are believed to have had only a very mild impact on biodiversity, so the mere existence of a significant cooling is not sufficient on its own to explain a mass extinction.

It has been suggested that global cooling caused or contributed to the End-Ordovician, Permian-Triassic, Late Devonian extinctions, and possibly others. Sustained global cooling is distinguished from the temporary climatic effects of flood basalt events or impacts.

Sustained and significant global warming
This would have the opposite effects: expand the area available for tropical species; kill temperate species or force them to migrate towards the poles; possibly cause severe extinctions of polar species; often make the Earth's climate wetter on average, mainly by melting ice and snow and thus increasing the volume of the water cycle. It might also cause anoxic events in the oceans (see below).

Global warming as a cause of mass extinction is supported by several recent studies.[54]

The most dramatic example of sustained warming is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions. It has also been suggested to have caused the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, during which 20% of all marine families went extinct. Furthermore, the Permian–Triassic extinction event has been suggested to have been caused by warming.[55][56][57] Human-caused global warming is contributing to extinctions today.

Clathrate gun hypothesis
Main article: Clathrate gun hypothesis
Clathrates are composites in which a lattice of one substance forms a cage around another. Methane clathrates (in which water molecules are the cage) form on continental shelves. These clathrates are likely to break up rapidly and release the methane if the temperature rises quickly or the pressure on them drops quickly—for example in response to sudden global warming or a sudden drop in sea level or even earthquakes. Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, so a methane eruption ("clathrate gun") could cause rapid global warming or make it much more severe if the eruption was itself caused by global warming.

The most likely signature of such a methane eruption would be a sudden decrease in the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in sediments, since methane clathrates are low in carbon-13; but the change would have to be very large, as other events can also reduce the percentage of carbon-13.[58]

It has been suggested that "clathrate gun" methane eruptions were involved in the end-Permian extinction ("the Great Dying") and in the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, which was associated with one of the smaller mass extinctions.

Anoxic events
Anoxic events are situations in which the middle and even the upper layers of the ocean become deficient or totally lacking in oxygen. Their causes are complex and controversial, but all known instances are associated with severe and sustained global warming, mostly caused by sustained massive volcanism.

It has been suggested that anoxic events caused or contributed to the Ordovician–Silurian, late Devonian, Permian–Triassicand Triassic–Jurassic extinctions, as well as a number of lesser extinctions (such as the Ireviken, Mulde, Lau, Toarcian and Cenomanian–Turonian events).

Thank you, thank you, thank you, you ignorant fucking twit! The PETM was not a mass extinction event. In fact, far from it......

More anti-science insanity and denial of reality.

I posted the evidence about the PETM and ol' Walleyes denies it exists.

Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Wikipedia
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a brief but prominent negative excursion, attributed to rapid warming. Note that the excursion is understated in this graph due to the smoothing of data.

The PETM has become a focal point of considerable geoscience research because it probably provides our best past analog by which to understand impacts of global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere, including ocean acidification.[4]

The onset of the PETM has been linked to an initial 5 °C temperature rise and extreme changes in Earth’s carbon cycle.[5]

It is now widely accepted that the PETM represents a “case study” for global warming and massive carbon input to Earth’s surface.

He even denies the the PETM is considered an extinction event.

During the PETM extinction event that took place 55 million years ago, the oceans were warming just as they are today.
FEBRUARY 13, 2011
“Abrupt Planetary Catastrophic Global Warming. It’s happened before. We have the planet headed that way again.” – A November 2010 statement by the Geological Society of London regarding catastrophic climate change and methane hydrates

The 2001 documentary “The Day the Oceans Boiled” examined what was new evidence in 1999. [4] Scientists had discovered that the expected rise in global temperature in the near future could be only the start of a much greater increase. The evidence uncovered warned that our Earth’s temperature could rise by 20 degrees within the next three generations. The documentary follows scientists uncovering evidence for what caused massive, abrupt climate shifts that happened 55 million years ago. *This was the last time the Earth’s temperature accelerated quickly, causing many animals to shrink, with horses becoming the size of modern domestic cats. It took the planet 60,000 years to cool down again.

Santo Bains's (of Oxford University’s Department of Earth Sciences) scientific analysis confirmed that at the time the mammals shrank, the atmospheric carbon levels had suddenly risen abruptly - causing a rapid warming of ocean waters. As he examined more samples, Bains discovered something extraordinary. There was not just one sudden rise in temperature. There were three. Temperatures accelerated dramatically in three succinct steps over a period of just a few of hundred years for a total temperature increase of approximately 8ºC. The rise in atmospheric carbon was just as dramatic. The jumps in Bains’s graph add up to one and a half trillion tonnes of carbon. His discovery was the first time this was recognized in the geological record. Where did all of the carbon come from? Methane hydrates are believed to be the only explanation. Methane hydrates quickly decomposed, releasing vast amounts of carbon into the oceans and into the atmosphere.

Bain’s research suggests that prior to the extinction, a massive release of methane caused a severe feedback, which then resulted in a second immense methane release. The second release caused an even greater amplifying effect, thereby causing a severe third release, which finally resulted in a runaway greenhouse event of mass extinction.

Methane hydrates have been formed over millions of years on the floor of our oceans and seas from decaying organic matter carried there by rivers. The methane takes the form of methane hydrates – methane gas frozen into lattices of ice (called clathrate [5]) that lie in ocean floor sediment off the continental coasts of our planet, storing massive amounts of carbon. When the frozen hydrates melt, 170 times the volume of methane gas comes bubbling out. The pressure only stays locked up if the pressure of the sea floor remains high and the temperature stays low. If this balance changes, the methane will quickly escape.

Everything you have posted is crap. It is well known that the PETM was a garden of eden. The ONLY life forms that dies were the aforementioned benthic forams. Terrestrial life (that means stuff that lives on land for you anti science types like trolling blunder here) BLOSSOMED! All the species that exist today evolved during the PETM.

Your post is as full of shit as you are.

In small doses, shit can be beneficial to Mother Earth.

Though usually not human shit.

 

[RollingThunder]

NOAA recently put together some time lapse satellite photography using photos taken every week for the last 25 years by polar orbiting satellites. It provides a stunning look at the true extent of the Arctic ice loss over just the last two and a half decades. The ice there was even thicker and larger in the 1950s than in the 1990s, much more so, according to data from shipping and Naval records.

The Arctic is warming at several times the rate as the rest of the planet. This has major consequences for many Northern Hemisphere weather systems and patterns, as we have witnessed here in America in recent winters. The Arctic Ice Cap has already shrunk enormously in extent and thickness. The northern glaciers in Alaska and Asia are melting faster. Greenland is melting faster and scientists have determined that it has lost 9 trillion tonnes of ice in the last century, with most of the loss in the last 30 years, adding to sea level rise.

This article explains it all pretty clearly and contains two short NOAA videos about the ice at the North Pole. Be sure to watch at least the first video showing the ice over time.

The Arctic Ice is melting faster than the global average
The Marshalltown
BY TAYLOR AUSTEN
12 JANUARY 2016



The climate change in the Arctic has been at least twice as fast as the global average. So Arctic Ocean ice levels are in decline.

Now, US scientists prepares a new time laps to show how large ice packs which survive more than one summer are becoming less frequent occurrences.

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have been common over mid-latitude land areas since 2005.

Each year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean builds up in the winter months and thin ice melts away during summer.

However, recently the change seems to be more dramatic. Old, multilayered icebergs are in decline and this visualization by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) makes everything clear related to how the Arctic is "warming faster than the global average."

Using satellite data, the video describes the decline of nine years or older ice packs from 1990 to 2015.

Sea ice in the Arctic can be characterized by areal extent, thickness, age, and movement.

The conditions on top of sea ice, such as the snow thickness and melt ponds, are alsoimportant. The oldest packs, shown in white, can be seen to deplete dramatically around 2008 amid the darkest blue seasonal ice.



According to the NOAA 2015 Arctic Report Card, last winter, - 'The spread of sea ice in the area was "the smallest on record" and the "melt season was 30 to 40 days longer than average" in the northern regions of Greenland'.

"Since the 1980s, the amount of multiyear ice has declined dramatically. In 1985, 20 percent of the ice pack was very old ice, but in March 2015 old ice only constituted three percent of the ice pack," it added.

The ice retreat is having an impact on wildlife, said the NOAA, changing the habitat for creatures such as walruses, who have to travel further for mating or birthing areas.

In September 2015, NASA reported that sea ice concentration was the fourth lowest on record since observations from space began.

Great news. Let me know when crocodiles and palm trees return to Alaska.

Uh-huh....so....you're very retarded...OK....everybody already figured that out a while back....but thanks for confirming it!

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Hmm, that time period coincides with the mass output of Chinese soot. It's likely am aldebo effect

 

[RollingThunder]

Hmm, that time period coincides with the mass output of Chinese soot. It's likely am aldebo effect

So says the clueless anti-science retard, speaking from complete ignorance.

Soot can help to melt ice, moron, but it doesn't increase air temperatures like has been happening in the Arctic.

 

[Old Rocks]

Animation of The Blob forming over the North Pacific between January 2013 and August 2015. (Generated from NOAA National Centers for Environmental
Information)
[FONT=ff-dagny-web-pro, sans-serif]Today in El Niño Advice: Don't Worry About The Blob -

All that very warm water up there couldn't have anything to do with the melt. No, not possible.[/FONT]
​

 

[Billy_Bob]

And yet globally the balance remains....

Why do left wing fruitcakes focus on one little region and ignore the bigger picture?

 

[RollingThunder]

And yet globally the balance remains....

Why do left wing fruitcakes focus on one little region and ignore the bigger picture?

So what? What exactly do you imagine Antarctic sea ice extent has to do with the topic of this thread?

The thin fringe of sea ice, just five or ten feet thick, around a lage continent covered in miles thick ice sheets, has been increasing slightly in its maximum months in some recent years, but in its minimum months it has stayed fairly constant. Antarctic sea ice is increasing slightly now because of increased precipitation caused by increased atmospheric water content, that is itself caused by global warming. As the southern ocean continues to warm, scientists expect this Antarctic sea ice to diminish. It has little bearing on global warming or global climate changes, and NO bearing on the very rapid loss of old Arctic Ocean sea ice depicted in the OP.

How does Arctic sea ice loss compare to Antarctic sea ice gain?
(excerpts)
Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain. The first point to clarify is that we are talking about floating sea ice, not to be confused with land ice. Land ice at both poles and in glaciers around the world is sliding into the ocean at an accelerating rate. This net loss of land ice is contributing to sea level rise.

Figure 1: Global sea ice extent since 1979. (Image source: Tamino. Data is from US National Snow and Ice Data Center.)

Figure 2: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Antarctic, Arctic, and global (sum of the two) sea ice extents with linear trends. The data is smoothed with a 12-month running average.

Sea ice grows and shrinks seasonally because polar latitudes have vastly more daylight hours in summer than in winter. When ice melts, it makes the surface less reflective and amplifies the warming (as is currently occurring in the Arctic), but this effect can only make a difference when the Sun is up. Thus the most important time of year for sea ice is its annual minimum which occurs at the end of the summer: September in the Arctic but February in the Antarctic. So how do the two compare?

Figure 3: Minimum sea ice extent since 1979 in the Arctic and Antarctic. (Image source: James Hansen. Data is from US National Snow and Ice Data Center.)

 

[skookerasbil]

After 30 years of this drumbeat, nobody cares...........well...........the fringe religion does, but nobody else.

 

[RollingThunder]

After 30 years of this drumbeat, nobody cares...........well...........the fringe religion does, but nobody else.

You are such a flaming troll! And soooo insane!

American Opinions on Global Warming: A Yale/Gallup/Clearvision Poll
Overall, a large majority of the American public were personally convinced that global warming is happening (71%). Further, 69 percent of Americans believed that global warming is caused mainly by human activities. Over the past few years, American perceptions that global warming is currently or will soon have dangerous impacts on people around the world have increased significantly. This survey found that 48 percent of Americans believed that global warming is already having dangerous impacts on people (30%) or will within the next ten years (18%): a 20 percentage point increase since the question was last asked in a nationally representative survey in June, 2004. Surprisingly, a large majority of Americans (62%) believed that global warming is an urgent threat requiring immediate and drastic action.

Poll: 76 percent of Americans say climate change is happening
UPI
By Brooks Hays
Oct. 20, 2015
AUSTIN, Texas, Oct. 20 (UPI) -- Slowly but surely, attitudes about global warming among the American public are beginning to more closely reflect those held by scientists.

The latest results from the University of Texas, Austin Energy Poll show that more than three out of every four Americans think "climate change is occurring" -- 76 percent of respondents. Even the majority of Republicans now acknowledge global warming, with 59 percent saying the climate is changing.

The latest results reveal the largest consensus since political scientists at Texas started polling on the subject in 2012 -- and a 68 percent increase since last year.

"This groundbreaking public opinion poll measures and reports biannually (October and April) on consumer opinions and attitudes toward energy consumption, pricing, development and regulation," researchers write on the homepage explaining the Energy Poll.

Among the drivers of climate change implicated by believers, deforestation, coal, oil and natural gas beat out natural forces (not man made), indicating that the majority of respondents acknowledge climate change as at least partially anthropogenic.

The percentage of Americans who deny climate change flat out also dropped in the latest findings, from 22 percent in 2012 to 14 percent.

 

[flacaltenn]

NOAA recently put together some time lapse satellite photography using photos taken every week for the last 25 years by polar orbiting satellites. It provides a stunning look at the true extent of the Arctic ice loss over just the last two and a half decades. The ice there was even thicker and larger in the 1950s than in the 1990s, much more so, according to data from shipping and Naval records.

The Arctic is warming at several times the rate as the rest of the planet. This has major consequences for many Northern Hemisphere weather systems and patterns, as we have witnessed here in America in recent winters. The Arctic Ice Cap has already shrunk enormously in extent and thickness. The northern glaciers in Alaska and Asia are melting faster. Greenland is melting faster and scientists have determined that it has lost 9 trillion tonnes of ice in the last century, with most of the loss in the last 30 years, adding to sea level rise.

This article explains it all pretty clearly and contains two short NOAA videos about the ice at the North Pole. Be sure to watch at least the first video showing the ice over time.

The Arctic Ice is melting faster than the global average
The Marshalltown
BY TAYLOR AUSTEN
12 JANUARY 2016



The climate change in the Arctic has been at least twice as fast as the global average. So Arctic Ocean ice levels are in decline.

Now, US scientists prepares a new time laps to show how large ice packs which survive more than one summer are becoming less frequent occurrences.

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have been common over mid-latitude land areas since 2005.

Each year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean builds up in the winter months and thin ice melts away during summer.

However, recently the change seems to be more dramatic. Old, multilayered icebergs are in decline and this visualization by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) makes everything clear related to how the Arctic is "warming faster than the global average."

Using satellite data, the video describes the decline of nine years or older ice packs from 1990 to 2015.

Sea ice in the Arctic can be characterized by areal extent, thickness, age, and movement.

The conditions on top of sea ice, such as the snow thickness and melt ponds, are alsoimportant. The oldest packs, shown in white, can be seen to deplete dramatically around 2008 amid the darkest blue seasonal ice.



According to the NOAA 2015 Arctic Report Card, last winter, - 'The spread of sea ice in the area was "the smallest on record" and the "melt season was 30 to 40 days longer than average" in the northern regions of Greenland'.

"Since the 1980s, the amount of multiyear ice has declined dramatically. In 1985, 20 percent of the ice pack was very old ice, but in March 2015 old ice only constituted three percent of the ice pack," it added.

The ice retreat is having an impact on wildlife, said the NOAA, changing the habitat for creatures such as walruses, who have to travel further for mating or birthing areas.

In September 2015, NASA reported that sea ice concentration was the fourth lowest on record since observations from space began.

Wowie Zowie. "Faster than the Global Average? " What's that? The TOTAL Sea Ice melt? And where is that? In the Arctic and Antarctic.. And if you average 2 numbers and one stays the same or even increases while the other one declines ---- THIS AMAZES YOU??

But more importantly TinkerBelle -- HOW THICK is "multi-year Arctic sea ice" ?? Pictures of 400Ft thick glaciers come to mind. But they are not "sea ice".. The multi year ice in the Arctic Ocean is about 2 to 8 ft thick. And at that thickness -- could be REGENERATED in a decade or so.. It is NOT a permanent condition even IF the multi year ice is now in decline..

 

[RollingThunder]

Here is another study, this one very recent, confirming the accelerating melting of the Greenland ice cap.

Greenlands Glaciers Melt Faster -- Research
The Science Times
Anna Amad
Jan 11, 2016

The fast melt off of ice caps caused by global warming has alarmed scientists from various parts of the globe like Canada, Denmark and Greenland.

The entire world saw a rise in sea levels due to the melting ice caps caused by global warming. And just a few days ago, a new study revealed that those glaciers in Greenland can now also contribute to the problem as they started melting off faster than scientists first thought.

A group of scientists from various parts of Canada, Denmark and Greenland has conducted a study regarding the alarming speed of melting ice sheets. One of the things the researchers found out is the porous layer called "firn" that is previously known to absorb melt water in order to stop it from flowing straight to the ocean that has already started collapsing. It is due to the massive amount of melt water that its sponge like ability can no longer take. And because of that, this firn layer had turned into solid ice and no longer absorbs or takes even just the slightest amount of liquid that comes from the melting Greenland glaciers.

The researchers added in their statement that the worsening condition of the global warming phenomenon might have caused the firn to go over the edge. According to Horst Macguth, a researcher at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and lead author of the study, their findings showed how the firn layer reacts when it goes through a bad stage of climate change. Their research also revealed that the firn's capability to absorb and hold large amount of ice water is not as strong as previously thought.

William Colgan, a professor from York University and study co-author, explained in his statement that even though the firn layer can fix and recreate itself through time, the melting of the glaciers in the area is much faster. Just a few days ago, thousands of new mini rivers and ponds were spotted all across the vast fields of ice. The scientists added that if the glaciers in Greenland melt completely, it would result into at least a 23 feet increase in seawater level.

 

[skookerasbil]

Need moar of bigger font............cant see!!

Need moar pink too...........

 

[RollingThunder]

Here is another study, this one very recent, confirming the accelerating melting of the Greenland ice cap.

Greenlands Glaciers Melt Faster -- Research
The Science Times
Anna Amad
Jan 11, 2016

The fast melt off of ice caps caused by global warming has alarmed scientists from various parts of the globe like Canada, Denmark and Greenland.

The entire world saw a rise in sea levels due to the melting ice caps caused by global warming. And just a few days ago, a new study revealed that those glaciers in Greenland can now also contribute to the problem as they started melting off faster than scientists first thought.

A group of scientists from various parts of Canada, Denmark and Greenland has conducted a study regarding the alarming speed of melting ice sheets. One of the things the researchers found out is the porous layer called "firn" that is previously known to absorb melt water in order to stop it from flowing straight to the ocean that has already started collapsing. It is due to the massive amount of melt water that its sponge like ability can no longer take. And because of that, this firn layer had turned into solid ice and no longer absorbs or takes even just the slightest amount of liquid that comes from the melting Greenland glaciers.

The researchers added in their statement that the worsening condition of the global warming phenomenon might have caused the firn to go over the edge. According to Horst Macguth, a researcher at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and lead author of the study, their findings showed how the firn layer reacts when it goes through a bad stage of climate change. Their research also revealed that the firn's capability to absorb and hold large amount of ice water is not as strong as previously thought.

William Colgan, a professor from York University and study co-author, explained in his statement that even though the firn layer can fix and recreate itself through time, the melting of the glaciers in the area is much faster. Just a few days ago, thousands of new mini rivers and ponds were spotted all across the vast fields of ice. The scientists added that if the glaciers in Greenland melt completely, it would result into at least a 23 feet increase in seawater level.

Need moar of bigger font............cant see! Need moar pink too...........

Thanks for more clear evidence of your utter insanity and retardarion, Kookles.