The language of the constitution necessitates the rights held by the people pre-exist the constitution and are not dependent on it for their existence.
The SC agrees:
...The right of the people peaceably to assemble for lawful purposes existed long before the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. In fact, it is, and always has been, one of the attributes of citizenship under a free government. It 'derives its source,' to use the language of Chief Justice Marshall, in Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 211, 'from those laws whose authority is acknowledged by civilized man throughout the world.' It is found wherever civilization exists. It was not, therefore, a right granted to the people by the Constitution. The government of the United States when established found it in existence, with the obligation on the part of the States to afford it protection....
...The right there specified is that of 'bearing arms for a lawful purpose.' This is not a right granted by the Constitution. Neither is it in any manner dependent upon that instrument for its existence. The second amendment declares that it shall not be infringed; but this, as has been seen, means no more than that it shall not be infringed by Congress.
www.law.cornell.edu
Certain rights - the right to trial, the right to vote, the right to demand a warrant - cannot be exercised without government because they concerns functions of the government, but rights like free speech, freedom of the press, and the right to keep and bear arms do not fall in that category.