Whom did Jesus give the authority to forgive sins?
Hold on, you told me that a priest does not forgive sin, that he basically has no more authority over it than I do, and I took you at your word. Now you're saying that someone other than God himself has the authority to forgive sin today? Which is it? You tell me who has authority to forgive or withhold forgiveness of sin who is not God and tell me why it sounds like you're changing your story. Tell me straight up, given this topic. Does the priest forgive your sin after you've convinced him you're penitent enough (even though you might not be), or not? You went to great lengths to convince me he doesn't, but only proclaims what God has already done.
Note, that James passage says nothing about the forgiveness of sins, but only mentions to confess to one another and to pray for one another. Both good things as well.
Right, because we don't confess to others so they will forgive our sin, only God forgives sin. We confess to each other to rob sin of one of its most powerful traits, being hidden. Bringing sin into the light gives us a lot more power to overcome it while hiding sin makes it a lot more difficult to overcome. Confessing also keeps us humble, as we cannot think of ourselves as superior to someone caught in sin while ours is kept in the darkness.
Another interesting passage in James comes directly before the one you mention. Who is one directed to go to for healing? (Answer: presbyters--i.e., leaders, priests)
You mean elders, those considered wise and mature in the faith, husbands of one wife. That's not the same as a priest fresh out of seminary, 25 years old who has not experienced much of life. How many young priests are healing people today?
Anyway, Catholics do both. One is not forgone due to the other.
The bottom line remains, only God forgives sin. Now, I know that Catholics love to point to John 20:23 as proof that Jesus granted authority to sinful humans the power to forgive or deny forgiveness of sin done against God. I don't believe that to be the case, because it gives sinful man the power to condemn someone to die in their sin whom God would forgive. Also, the Greek verb tense is in perfect tense, which reflects something that has already been completed. The apostles were to acknowledge when preaching the Gospel what God has already done, either forgiven someone or not forgiven them. They are not authorized to deny God's forgiveness.
And, of course, there is no Scriptural basis to believe that a ritual passes that apostolic authority down to a special class of priests today. We are ALL priests, by God's declaration.