See if you can find some physical evidence here to support the denier mantra that warming has ceased.
http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_Chapter04.pdf
Sea Ice
Continuing the trends reported in AR4, the annual
Arctic sea ice extent decreased over the period
1979–2012: the rate of this decrease was very likely between 3.5 and 4.1% per decade. The average decrease in decadal extent of Arctic sea ice has been most rapid in summer and autumn (high confidence), but
the extent has decreased in every season, and in every successive decade since 1979 (high confidence). [4.2.2, Figure 4.2]
The
extent of Arctic perennial and multiyear sea ice decreased between 1979 and 2012 (very high
confidence). The perennial sea ice extent (sea ice area at summer minimum) decreased between 1979 and 2012 at at 11.5 ± 2.1% per decade (very likely) and the multiyear ice decreased at a rate of 13.5 ± 2.5% per decade (very likely). [4.2.2, Figures 4.4, 4.6]
The
average winter sea ice thickness within the Arctic Basin decreased between 1980 and 2008 (high
confidence). The average decrease was likely between 1.3 and 2.3 m. High confidence in this assessment is based on observations from multiple sources: submarine, EM probes, and satellite altimetry, and is consistent with the decline in multiyear and perennial ice extent [4.2.2, Figure 4.5, Figure 4.6]
Satellite measurements made in the period 2010–2012 show a decrease in sea ice volume compared to those made over the period 2003–2008 (medium confidence). There is high confidence that in the Arctic,
where the sea ice thickness has decreased, the sea ice drift speed has increased. [4.2.2, Figure 4.6]
It is likely that the
annual period of surface melt on Arctic perennial sea ice lengthened by 5.7 ± 0.9
days per decade over the period 1979–2012. Over this period, in the region between the East Siberian Sea and the western Beaufort Sea,
the duration of ice-free conditions increased by nearly 2-months. [4.2.2, Figure 4.6]
It is very likely that the
annual Antarctic sea ice extent increased at a rate of between 1.2 and 1.8% per decade between 1979 and 2012. There was a greater increase in sea ice area, due to a decrease in the percentage of open water within the ice pack. There is high confidence that there are strong regional differences in this annual rate, with some regions increasing in extent/area and some decreasing [4.2.3, Figure 4.7]
Glaciers
Since AR4,
almost all glaciers world-wide have continued to shrink as revealed by the time series of
measured changes in glacier length, area, volume and mass (very high confidence). Measurements of
glacier change have increased substantially in number since AR4. Most of the new datasets, along with a globally complete glacier inventory, have been derived from satellite remote sensing. [4.3.1, 4.3.3, Figures 4.9, 4.10, 4.11]
During the last decade, most ice was lost from glaciers in Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, the periphery
of the Greenland ice sheet, the Southern Andes and the Asian Mountains (very high confidence).
Together these regions account for more than 80% of the total ice loss. [4.3.3, Figure 4.11, Table 4.4]
Total mass loss from all glaciers in the world, excluding those on the periphery of the ice sheets, was
very likely 226 ± 135 Gt yr–1 (sea-level equivalent, 0.62 ± 0.37 mm yr–1) in the period 1971–2009, 275 ± 135 Gt yr–1 (0.76 ± 0.37 mm yr–1) in the period 1993–2009, and 301 ± 135 Gt yr–1 (0.83 ± 0.37 mm yr–1) between 2005 and 2009. [4.3.3, Figure 4.12 and Table 4.5]
Current glacier extents are out of balance with current climatic conditions, indicating that glaciers will
continue to shrink in the future even without further temperature increase (high confidence). [4.3.3]
Ice Sheets
The
Greenland Ice Sheet has lost ice during the last two decades (very high confidence). Combinations of satellite and airborne remote sensing together with field data indicate with high confidence that the ice loss has occurred in several sectors and that
large rates of mass loss have spread to wider regions than reported in AR4. [4.4.2, 4.4.3, Figures 4.13, 4.15, 4.17]
The
rate of ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has accelerated since 1992: the average rate has very likely increased from 34 [–6 to 74] Gt yr–1 over the period 1992–2001 (sea-level equivalent, 0.09 [–0.02 to 0.20] mm yr–1), to 215 [157 to 274] Gt yr–1 over the period 2002–2011 (0.59 [0.43 to 0.76] mm yr–1). [4.4.3, Figures 4.15, 4.17]
Ice loss from Greenland is partitioned in approximately similar amounts between surface melt and outlet glacier discharge (medium confidence), and that both components have increased (high confidence).
The area subject to summer melt has increased over the last two decades (high
confidence). [4.4.2]
The
Antarctic Ice Sheet has been losing ice during the last two decades (high confidence). There is very high confidence that these losses are mainly from the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica, and high confidence that they result from the acceleration of outlet glaciers. [4.4.2, 4.4.3, Figures 4.14, 4.16, 4.17]
The
average rate of ice loss from Antarctica likely increased from 30 [–37 to 97] Gt yr–1 (sea level equivalent, 0.08 [–0.10 to 0.27] mm yr–1) over the period 1992–2001, to 147 [72 to 221] Gt yr–1 over the period 2002–2011 (0.40 [0.20 to 0.61] mm yr–1). [4.4.3, Figures 4.16, 4.17]
In parts of Antarctica, floating ice shelves are undergoing substantial changes (high confidence). There is medium confidence that
ice shelves are thinning in the Amundsen Sea region of West Antarctica, and low confidence that this is due to high ocean heat flux. There is high confidence that
ice shelves round the Antarctic Peninsula continue a long-term trend of retreat and partial collapse that began decades ago.[4.4.2, 4.4.5]
Snow Cover
Snow cover extent has decreased in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in spring (very high
confidence). Satellite records indicate that over the period 1967–2012,
annual mean snow cover extent decreased with statistical significance; the largest change, –53% [very likely, –40% to –66%], occurred in June.
No months had statistically significant increases. Over the longer period, 1922–2012, data are only available for March and April, but these show a 7% [very likely, 4.5% to 9.5%] decline and a strong negative [–0.76] correlation with March-April 40°N–60°N land temperature. [4.5.2, 4.5.3]
Station observations of snow, nearly all of which are in the Northern Hemisphere,
generally indicate
decreases in spring, especially at warmer locations (medium confidence). Results depend on station elevation, period of record, and variable measured (e.g., snow depth or duration of snow season), but in almost every study surveyed,
a majority of stations showed decreasing trends, and stations at lower elevation or higher average temperature were the most liable to show decreases. In the Southern Hemisphere, evidence is too limited to conclude whether changes have occurred. [4.5.2, 4.5.3, Figures 4.19, 4.20, 4.21]
Freshwater Ice
The limited evidence available for freshwater (lake and river) ice indicates that
ice duration is decreasing and average seasonal ice cover shrinking (low confidence). For 75 Northern Hemisphere lakes, for which trends were available for 150-, 100-, and 30-year periods ending in 2005, the most rapid changes were in the most recent period (medium confidence),
with freeze-up occurring later (1.6 days per decade) and breakup earlier (1.9 days per decade). In the North American
Great Lakes, the average duration of ice cover declined 71% over the period 1973–2010. [4.6]
Frozen Ground
Permafrost temperatures have increased in most regions since the early 1980s (high confidence) although the rate of increase has varied regionally. The temperature increase for colder permafrost was generally greater than for warmer permafrost (high confidence). [4.7.2, Table 4.8, Figure 4.24]
Significant permafrost degradation has occurred in the Russian European North (medium confidence).
There is medium confidence, that
in this area, over the period 1975–2005, warm permafrost up to 15 m thick completely thawed, the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost moved north by up to 80 km, and the boundary of continuous permafrost moved north by up to 50 km. [4.7.2]
In situ measurements and satellite data show that
surface subsidence associated with degradation of ice-rich permafrost, occurred at many locations over the past two to three decades (medium
confidence). [4.7.4]
In many regions, the depth and extent of seasonally frozen ground has changed in recent decades (high confidence). In these areas, active layer thicknesses increased since the 1990s (medium confidence), although the magnitude of the increase varied from a few centimetres to tens of centimetres. In other areas, especially in northern North America, there were large inter-annual variations but few significant trends (high confidence).
The thickness of the seasonally frozen ground in some non-permafrost parts of the Eurasian continent likely decreased, in places by more than 30 cm from 1930 to 2000 (high confidence) [4.7.4]
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In this Report, the following terms have been used to indicate the assessed likelihood of an outcome or a result: Virtually certain 99–100% probability, Very likely 90–100%, Likely 66–100%, About as likely as not 33–66%, Unlikely 0–33%, Very unlikely 0–10%, Exceptionally unlikely 0–1%. Additional terms (Extremely likely: 95–100%, More likely than not >50–100%, and Extremely unlikely 0–5%) may also be used when appropriate. Assessed likelihood is typeset in italics, e.g., very likely (see Section 1.4 and Box TS.1 for more details). In this Report, the following summary terms are used to describe the available evidence: limited, medium, or robust; and for the degree of agreement: low, medium, or high. A level of confidence is expressed using five qualifiers: very low, low, medium, high, and very high, and typeset in italics, e.g., medium confidence. For a given evidence and agreement statement, different confidence levels can be assigned, but increasing levels of evidence and degrees of agreement are correlated with increasing confidence (see Section 1.4 and Box TS.1 for more details)
