My question to you was whether or not you agree that God has limits to what he can or cannot do. Your answer in your first paragraph seems to agree with that in that contradictions such as having the power to both exist and not exist simultaneously would not be a power God has. That is an obvious example of how God does not have the power to do absolutely anything.
And I asked you what was the true answer (to your professor's question)? Are you saying that God wasn't able to make us perfect?
Yes, I am. My answer may not be believed by most because they do not believe in my religious belief. I am a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In our belief, we believe that God himself has revealed to us what the true nature of man is. We do not, as many religions do, believe that the word "create" in the Bible means to create ex nihilo. God revealed to us that we, as eternal intelligences, have always existed and that as intelligences we were never created or made.
Doctrine and Covenants 93:29
29 Man was also in the beginning with God. Intelligence, or the light of truth, was not created or made, neither indeed can be.
Here we find God telling us that mankind is self-existent. We existed as something known as "intelligence". God is telling us that intelligence, because it is self-existent, is something that not even God can create. So mankind before becoming spirit children of God the Father existed as intelligence. We then were born as the spirit children of God before coming to this earth.
Acts:17:28-29
28 For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.
29 Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man’s device.
Our spirits then engaged in a war in heaven where Satan and his followers we cast out of heaven into the earth without receiving physical bodies. The spirits of those who fought against Satan are born on earth with physical bodies and need the blood of the lamb to overcome Satan. Our physical bodies are subject unto death.
Revelation 12:7-11
7 And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels,
8 And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.
9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
10 And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.
11 And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.
Here we read that there was a war in heaven and that Satan and his followers were cast out of heaven into the earth. We also see that those who fought against Satan, who were Michael and his followers, also came to this earth. Verse 11 tells us this. They overcome Satan by the blood of the Lamb. This means that they need repentance and forgiveness of sin which the blood of the Lamb provides for them. They also were subject to death. So we see that those who fought in the war in heaven against Satan came to earth and received physical bodies and needed the blood of the Lamb and were subject unto death. We were the army of Michael and his angels.
Athiests often ask us the question of why is there evil in the world? Why does a God who is all powerful allow evil in the world? The reason is because God did not create man out of nothing. He was created from the dust of this earth and the spirit that he had before being born into this life. According to the revelation to our church, God did not and could not create the intelligences that exist. The mind of man is self-existent and has always existed. This does not infer that a man's intelligence is perfect however. Thus God made man from his spirit which was made from self-existent intelligence and through birth into this world through the posterity of he who was created from the dust of this earth. The reason evil exists in the world is because God has given mankind their free will. Mankind are not perfect. God could not create them perfect because the mind of man is self-existent and was not created or made. Neither could God create mankind's intelligence. Man has to choose good over evil of his own volition. Some do not choose good and this is the reason for evil in the world.
The professor's question makes the assumption that all powerful implies that God is all powerful in the sense that God can do absolutely anything imaginable to the mind of man. This is the flaw in his assumption. God is only all powerful in that he can do only those things that are possible for God to do. If the purpose of God is to help eternal self-existent intelligences to progress, then God doesn't have the power to create them to be perfect since he doesn't have the power to create something that is already self-existent.
I realize that this is controversial to those who do not believe my religion. But to me this is the great answer why we never see God create a perfect person in this life. This also shows us why there is evil in the world because God has placed imperfect people on the earth with the free will to choose evil over good. God doesn't create mankind out of nothing but he always creates them from spirit and element. A part of spirit is the intelligence which is self-existent. The element part of man we believe to also be eternal in nature.
Doctrine and Covenants 93:33
33 For man is spirit. The elements are eternal, and spirit and element, inseparably connected, receive a fulness of joy;
To me these revelations from God are true. To others they may not believe that they are true but they are true to me. They explain why man is never created perfect, why there is evil in the world, and why God uses a process of improvement to further the perfection of his children through free will.