Exoplanets and Astrobiology

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On 24 Jan 2022, the James Webb telescope arrived at its destination and will aid in the discovery of exoplanets. NASA Astrobiology's Baruch S. Blumberg was the discoverer of the Australian antigen of hepatitis B virus.

Baruch S. Blumberg
en.wikipedia.org

Baruch Samuel Blumberg - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
'...."I think it's fair to say that Barry prevented more cancer deaths than any person who has ever lived." '

NASA Astrobiology

NASA Astrobiology

astrobiology.nasa.gov astrobiology.nasa.gov
 
The James Webb telescope's reflector is made from polyimide, and this material is also used for screening and early detection of melanoma.

Dec 2021 Wearable Melanoma Screening
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Self-assembled peptides-modified flexible field-effect transistors for tyrosinase detection - PubMed

Flexible biosensors have received intensive attention for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of cancer biomarkers. Highly sensitive tyrosinase biosensors, which are important for melanoma screening, remained a hurdle. Herein, high-performance tyrosinase-sensing field-effect transistor-based...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reminiscent of the Very Large Array radiotelescope in New Mexico, is the same material used in a
100 Electrode Intracortical Array
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A 100 electrode intracortical array: structural variability - PubMed

A technique has been developed for fabricating three dimensional "hair brush" electrode arrays from monocrystalline silicon blocks. Arrays consist of a square pattern of 100 penetrating electrodes, with 400 microns interelectrode spacing. Each electrode is 1.5mm in length and tapers from about...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 
We'll be comparing chemistry that substitutes nitrogen for oxygen in comparison with imides (James Webb telescope reflector material), and imines/iminosugars (anti-maturation chemistry against hepatitis B virus).

Any search for exoplanets must consider their early chemistry. That chemistry will implicate the Miller-Urey experiment.

Miller-Urey Experiment
en.wikipedia.org

Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
 
Because gaseous iron is a search parameter for exoplanets, ferryl oxygen also links to transferrin (iron metabolism) differences in Homo sapiens.

(1966) A Chemical Difference between Human Transferrins B2 and C
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A chemical difference between human transferrins B2 and C - PubMed

A chemical difference between human transferrins B2 and C
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jan 2021 Lactoferrin / SARS-CoV-2 / Immune Modulation
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro - PubMed

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus that currently lacks curative treatments. Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring non-toxic glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assessed the potential of LF in the prevention of...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

In 1963 Blumberg et al published on transferrin. A controversy followed.

1963 Blumberg BS, et al / Transferrin
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

STUDIES ON INHERITED VARIANTS OF BLOOD PROTEINS. II. FAMILIAL SEGREGATION OF TRANSFERRIN B1-2B2 - PubMed

STUDIES ON INHERITED VARIANTS OF BLOOD PROTEINS. II. FAMILIAL SEGREGATION OF TRANSFERRIN B1-2B2
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

This is Blumberg et al's response to the controversy:

1974 Use of Ranked Migration Estimates for Detecting Natural Selection
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Use of ranked migration estimates for detecting natural selection - PubMed

Use of ranked migration estimates for detecting natural selection
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....The hypothesis was made that the same results would be obtained in another American black population living in the same general area, and this was tested as described.
Ref. 2. Caucasian Genes in American Negroes
Ref. 3. Loci Differentially Affected by Selection in Two American Black Populations.'

There are inherent Homo sapiens differences apart from sociographic, educational and economic parameters. In a vettting process, this inherent genetics may affect selection of physiologies for Lunar or Mars habitation.
 
Readers can retrieve the webpage.
 
Blumberg worked with iron nutrition in cancer, linking Astrovirology.

1988 Fox Chase Cancer Center / Iron Nutrition and Tumor Growth
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Iron nutrition and tumor growth: decreased tumor growth in iron-deficient mice - PubMed

Groups of 15 mice of three different laboratory strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, DBA/2) were fed on a low iron diet (5 mg iron/kg diet), and three similar groups of 15 mice were maintained on a normal iron diet (312 mg iron/kg diet). When the low iron diet group became iron deficient, tumor cells (5 x...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....mammary adenocarcinoma....'

Learning From Space: Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity: New Aspects for Cancer Research - PubMed

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females. The incidence has risen dramatically during recent decades. Dismissed as an "unsolved problem of the last century", breast cancer still represents a health burden with no effective solution identified so far. Microgravity (µg)...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 
The retrieval of the C. elegans was successful, as reported in 2005:

Blumberg et al / Space Shuttle Columbia / Interplanetary Transfer of Life
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Caenorhabditis elegans survives atmospheric breakup of STS-107, space shuttle Columbia - PubMed

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a popular organism for biological studies, is being developed as a model system for space biology. The chemically defined liquid medium, C. elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM), allows axenic cultivation and automation of experiments that are critical for...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....hardware that contained our experiment was found.'
 
Ariel Space Mission will allow amateurs to assist with 1,000 exoplanet targets.

Ariel

Ariel Space Mission – European Space Agency M4 Mission

arielmission.space arielmission.space

Amateurs can assist with their own small telescopes:

Exoclock Project

ExoClock

ExoClock is a project to monitor the ephemerides of transiting exoplanets. Everyone with a telescope and a CCD camera can participate!
www.exoclock.space www.exoclock.space

A Super Neputne's size makes it more reliable for examining the atmosphere during transit times.

13 Jan 2022 NASA Discovery Alert: Water Vapor Detected on a Super Neptune
exoplanets.nasa.gov

Discovery Alert: Water Vapor Detected on a 'Super Neptune' - NASA Science

The atmosphere of a "super Neptune" some 150 light-years distant contains water vapor, a new study shows.
exoplanets.nasa.gov exoplanets.nasa.gov
 
The chemistry of the polyimide reflector used in the James Webb telescope, which will be trained on TOI-674 B compares with the iminosugar NASA Astrobiology's Baruch S. Blumberg called a "sugar decoy" to prevent maturation of the cancer-causing hepatitis B virus:

Imide
en.wikipedia.org

Imide - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org

Imine
en.wikipedia.org

Imine - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org

Iminosugar
en.wikipedia.org

Iminosugar - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org

Nitrogens are substituted for the oxygens in the iminosugar which is then attached to the natural mulberry antibiotic deoxynojirimycin, a compound produced in the tree at first frost as the tree goes into dormancy to protect it from invading pathogens. The James Webb telescope will also operate at low temperatures.
 
As far as is known, amateurs will be able to help by using their own equipment to monitor ephemerides of one of the 1,000 exoplanet targets without actually seeing the object.
 
As the reader can tell from the videos, the third and fourth planet of Trappist 1 system are temperate and may be "Ocean Worlds."
 
We have already posted on cancer-causing viruses that attack the liver and what NASA Astrobiology director did about it. For exoplanets that implicate iron, there will be a vetting process for those planning the trip, and the genetics of transferrin already posted to this thread.

Microgravity and Iron Metabolism
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Simulated microgravity disturbs iron metabolism and distribution in humans: Lessons from dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model - PubMed

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity and extreme physical inactivity, on iron homeostasis and distribution. Twenty young healthy men were recruited and submitted to 5 days of dry...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....hepatic iron store was not affected....'
 
From Angers, France, a 2011 report on dry immersion introduces the trajectory for medical-genetic implications:

Dry Immersion / Microgravity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects - PubMed

Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing the subject in thermoneutral water covered with an elastic waterproof fabric. As a result, the immersed subject, who...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....L'immersion seche, qui est un modele au sol de conditions prolongees de microgravite, est largement utilisee en Russie mais moins connue ailleurs.
Sukhoe progruzhenie, predstavlavliaiushchee soboi nazemnyi metod dlitel'nykh mikrogravitsii, shiroko ispol'zuetsia v Rossii, no menee izvestno v drugikh stranakh.
Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but less well known elsewhere.'
 
As the polyimide (post #2) goes out into Space On the James Webb telescope, so too Russian polyimides go into the cancer cell. Note that polyethyleneglycol (anti-freeze) is also used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines:

Russia / Cancer Targeting with Polyimides
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effective delivery of porphyrazine photosensitizers to cancer cells by polymer brush nanocontainers - PubMed

Efficient drug delivery can be assigned to tasks that attract the most acute attention of researchers in the field of anticancer drug design. We have reported the first case of using amphiphilic polymer brushes as nanocontainers for photosensitizer delivery to cancer cells. Regular...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 
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