Exoplanets and Astrobiology

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On 24 Jan 2022, the James Webb telescope arrived at its destination and will aid in the discovery of exoplanets. NASA Astrobiology's Baruch S. Blumberg was the discoverer of the Australian antigen of hepatitis B virus.

Baruch S. Blumberg

Baruch Samuel Blumberg - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

'...."I think it's fair to say that Barry prevented more cancer deaths than any person who has ever lived." '

NASA Astrobiology

NASA Astrobiology

astrobiology.nasa.gov

 

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The James Webb telescope's reflector is made from polyimide, and this material is also used for screening and early detection of melanoma.

Dec 2021 Wearable Melanoma Screening

Self-assembled peptides-modified flexible field-effect transistors for tyrosinase detection - PubMed

Flexible biosensors have received intensive attention for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of cancer biomarkers. Highly sensitive tyrosinase biosensors, which are important for melanoma screening, remained a hurdle. Herein, high-performance tyrosinase-sensing field-effect transistor-based...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reminiscent of the Very Large Array radiotelescope in New Mexico, is the same material used in a
100 Electrode Intracortical Array

A 100 electrode intracortical array: structural variability - PubMed

A technique has been developed for fabricating three dimensional "hair brush" electrode arrays from monocrystalline silicon blocks. Arrays consist of a square pattern of 100 penetrating electrodes, with 400 microns interelectrode spacing. Each electrode is 1.5mm in length and tapers from about...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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We'll be comparing chemistry that substitutes nitrogen for oxygen in comparison with imides (James Webb telescope reflector material), and imines/iminosugars (anti-maturation chemistry against hepatitis B virus).

Any search for exoplanets must consider their early chemistry. That chemistry will implicate the Miller-Urey experiment.

Miller-Urey Experiment

Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

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Because gaseous iron is a search parameter for exoplanets, ferryl oxygen also links to transferrin (iron metabolism) differences in Homo sapiens.

(1966) A Chemical Difference between Human Transferrins B2 and C

A chemical difference between human transferrins B2 and C - PubMed

A chemical difference between human transferrins B2 and C

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jan 2021 Lactoferrin / SARS-CoV-2 / Immune Modulation

Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro - PubMed

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus that currently lacks curative treatments. Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring non-toxic glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assessed the potential of LF in the prevention of...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

In 1963 Blumberg et al published on transferrin. A controversy followed.

1963 Blumberg BS, et al / Transferrin

STUDIES ON INHERITED VARIANTS OF BLOOD PROTEINS. II. FAMILIAL SEGREGATION OF TRANSFERRIN B1-2B2 - PubMed

STUDIES ON INHERITED VARIANTS OF BLOOD PROTEINS. II. FAMILIAL SEGREGATION OF TRANSFERRIN B1-2B2

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

This is Blumberg et al's response to the controversy:

1974 Use of Ranked Migration Estimates for Detecting Natural Selection

Use of ranked migration estimates for detecting natural selection - PubMed

Use of ranked migration estimates for detecting natural selection

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....The hypothesis was made that the same results would be obtained in another American black population living in the same general area, and this was tested as described.
Ref. 2. Caucasian Genes in American Negroes
Ref. 3. Loci Differentially Affected by Selection in Two American Black Populations.'

There are inherent Homo sapiens differences apart from sociographic, educational and economic parameters. In a vettting process, this inherent genetics may affect selection of physiologies for Lunar or Mars habitation.

 

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And so from the Canary island of La Palma, where the recent volcanic eruption occurred, came the results from the Italian National telescope for investigations of exoplanet KELT-9B in Cygnus:

KELT-9B

https://thesciencebreaker.org/breaks/earth-space/gaseous-heavy-metals-in-the-atmosphere-of-an-ultrahot-exoplanet

'....an ionised iron variant, ionised titanium....we discovered the unimistakable signatures of ionised scandium, chromium, and yttrium.'

 

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Readers can retrieve the webpage.

 

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Blumberg worked with iron nutrition in cancer, linking Astrovirology.

1988 Fox Chase Cancer Center / Iron Nutrition and Tumor Growth

Iron nutrition and tumor growth: decreased tumor growth in iron-deficient mice - PubMed

Groups of 15 mice of three different laboratory strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, DBA/2) were fed on a low iron diet (5 mg iron/kg diet), and three similar groups of 15 mice were maintained on a normal iron diet (312 mg iron/kg diet). When the low iron diet group became iron deficient, tumor cells (5 x...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....mammary adenocarcinoma....'

Learning From Space: Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity

Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity: New Aspects for Cancer Research - PubMed

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females. The incidence has risen dramatically during recent decades. Dismissed as an "unsolved problem of the last century", breast cancer still represents a health burden with no effective solution identified so far. Microgravity (µg)...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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The retrieval of the C. elegans was successful, as reported in 2005:

Blumberg et al / Space Shuttle Columbia / Interplanetary Transfer of Life

Caenorhabditis elegans survives atmospheric breakup of STS-107, space shuttle Columbia - PubMed

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a popular organism for biological studies, is being developed as a model system for space biology. The chemically defined liquid medium, C. elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM), allows axenic cultivation and automation of experiments that are critical for...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....hardware that contained our experiment was found.'

 

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Ariel Space Mission will allow amateurs to assist with 1,000 exoplanet targets.

Ariel

Ariel Space Mission – European Space Agency M4 Mission

arielmission.space

Amateurs can assist with their own small telescopes:

Exoclock Project

ExoClock

ExoClock is a project to monitor the ephemerides of transiting exoplanets. Everyone with a telescope and a CCD camera can participate!

www.exoclock.space

A Super Neputne's size makes it more reliable for examining the atmosphere during transit times.

13 Jan 2022 NASA Discovery Alert: Water Vapor Detected on a Super Neptune

Discovery Alert: Water Vapor Detected on a 'Super Neptune' - NASA Science

The atmosphere of a "super Neptune" some 150 light-years distant contains water vapor, a new study shows.

exoplanets.nasa.gov

 

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The chemistry of the polyimide reflector used in the James Webb telescope, which will be trained on TOI-674 B compares with the iminosugar NASA Astrobiology's Baruch S. Blumberg called a "sugar decoy" to prevent maturation of the cancer-causing hepatitis B virus:

Imide

Imide - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Imine

Imine - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Iminosugar

Iminosugar - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Nitrogens are substituted for the oxygens in the iminosugar which is then attached to the natural mulberry antibiotic deoxynojirimycin, a compound produced in the tree at first frost as the tree goes into dormancy to protect it from invading pathogens. The James Webb telescope will also operate at low temperatures.

 

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As far as is known, amateurs will be able to help by using their own equipment to monitor ephemerides of one of the 1,000 exoplanet targets without actually seeing the object.

 

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James Webb telescope may be operating within 6 months. This is a very informative page on exoplanets in general, and for the Trappist 1 system, discovered in 2017:

Largest Batch of Earth-size Habitable Zone Planets Found Orbiting TRAPPIST-1 - NASA Science

TRAPPIST-1: Largest Batch of Earth-sized Exoplanets The most studied planetary system, aside from our own solar system, lies about 40 light-years away. We’ve looked at the seven rocky exoplanets orbiting the TRAPPIST-1 star with ground and space telescopes like Spitzer, Kepler, Hubble, and, now...

exoplanets.nasa.gov

 

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As the reader can tell from the videos, the third and fourth planet of Trappist 1 system are temperate and may be "Ocean Worlds."

 

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Intriguingly, 51 stars that host these exoplanets are visible to the naked eye.

List of Nearest Exoplanets

List of nearest exoplanets - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

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For those interested in Musk's interest in Falcon 9 technology for the trip to Mars, readers can see a live launch today at 6:11 PM.

Skymed Launch, 31 Jan 2022 @ 6:11P

Rocket Launch: SpaceX Falcon 9 COSMO-SkyMed

www.kennedyspacecenter.com

 

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This seems like a decent site for viewing the launch:

5D Blog

Watch Live: Cosmo-Skymed 2nd Generation FM2 Mission

The instantaneous launch window is at 6:11 p.m. EST, or 23:11 UTC today

www.5d-blog.com

 

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We have already posted on cancer-causing viruses that attack the liver and what NASA Astrobiology director did about it. For exoplanets that implicate iron, there will be a vetting process for those planning the trip, and the genetics of transferrin already posted to this thread.

Microgravity and Iron Metabolism

Simulated microgravity disturbs iron metabolism and distribution in humans: Lessons from dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model - PubMed

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity and extreme physical inactivity, on iron homeostasis and distribution. Twenty young healthy men were recruited and submitted to 5 days of dry...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....hepatic iron store was not affected....'

 

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From Angers, France, a 2011 report on dry immersion introduces the trajectory for medical-genetic implications:

Dry Immersion / Microgravity

Long-term dry immersion: review and prospects - PubMed

Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing the subject in thermoneutral water covered with an elastic waterproof fabric. As a result, the immersed subject, who...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....L'immersion seche, qui est un modele au sol de conditions prolongees de microgravite, est largement utilisee en Russie mais moins connue ailleurs.
Sukhoe progruzhenie, predstavlavliaiushchee soboi nazemnyi metod dlitel'nykh mikrogravitsii, shiroko ispol'zuetsia v Rossii, no menee izvestno v drugikh stranakh.
Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is widely used in Russia but less well known elsewhere.'

 

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As the polyimide (post #2) goes out into Space On the James Webb telescope, so too Russian polyimides go into the cancer cell. Note that polyethyleneglycol (anti-freeze) is also used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines:

Russia / Cancer Targeting with Polyimides

Effective delivery of porphyrazine photosensitizers to cancer cells by polymer brush nanocontainers - PubMed

Efficient drug delivery can be assigned to tasks that attract the most acute attention of researchers in the field of anticancer drug design. We have reported the first case of using amphiphilic polymer brushes as nanocontainers for photosensitizer delivery to cancer cells. Regular...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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News from NASA Astrobiology shows that martian meteorite ALH4001 was not formed biologically:

Update on ALH4001

https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/an-update-from-alh4001/