Purgatory:
"Make friends quickly with your accuser, while you are going with him to court, lest your accuser hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the guard, and you be put in prison; truly I say to you,
you will never get out till you have paid the last penny" (Matthew 5:25-26).
"For no other foundation can any one lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any one builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble—each man’s work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire." (Corinthians 3:11-15)
Saints:
The Bible uses the word "Saint" to mean anyone who lives a "Holy life and is set apart for God's special purpose". By that standard, the majority of people that focus their lives living according to Biblical teachings could be considered "Saints".
The Catholic Church humbly honors God by only using the word for God's most devout followers. It is done in a respectful way to preserve the meaning of the word.
Father:
Jesus also said not to call your teachers "Rabbi" (Teacher) and not to call anyone "Master" (Lord). He was emphasizing the importance of understanding the difference between using those words in every day language vs in a spiritual way.
The words "Father, Teacher and Master/Lord" are used repeatedly in both the Old and New Testaments:
For example:
Job indicates he played a fatherly role with the less fortunate: “I was a father to the poor, and I searched out the cause of him whom I did not know” (Job 29:16). And God himself declares that he will give a fatherly role to Eliakim, the steward of the house of David: “In that day I will call my servant Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah . . . and I will clothe him with [a] robe, and will bind [a] girdle on him, and will commit . . . authority to his hand; and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah” (Isa. 22:20–21).
This type of fatherhood applies not only to those who are wise counselors or benefactors (like Job) or both (like Eliakim); it also applies to those who have a fatherly spiritual relationship with one. For example, Elisha cries, “My father, my father!” to Elijah as the latter is carried up to heaven in a whirlwind (2 Kgs. 2:12). Later, Elisha himself is called a father by the king of Israel (2 Kgs. 6:21).
Some Protestants claim that when Catholics address priests as "father," they are engaging in an unbiblical practice. Here's how to respond.
www.catholic.com
Jesus is not forbidding us to call men “fathers” who actually are such—either literally or spiritually. He is warning people against
inaccurately attributing fatherhood—or a particular
kind or degree of fatherhood—to those who do not have it.
As the apostolic example shows, some individuals genuinely do have a spiritual fatherhood, meaning that they can be referred to as spiritual fathers. What must not be done is to confuse their form of spiritual paternity with that of God. Ultimately, God is our supreme protector, provider, and instructor. Correspondingly, it is wrong to view any individual other than God as having these roles.
Perhaps the most pointed New Testament reference to the theology of the spiritual fatherhood of priests is Paul’s statement, “I do not write this to make you ashamed, but to admonish you as my beloved children. For though you have countless guides in Christ, you do not have many fathers.
For I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel” (1 Cor. 4:14–15).
Peter followed the same custom, referring to Mark as his son: “She who is at Babylon, who is likewise chosen, sends you greetings; and so does my son Mark” (1 Pet. 5:13). The apostles sometimes referred to entire churches under their care as their children. Paul writes, “Here for the third time I am ready to come to you. And I will not be a burden, for I seek not what is yours but you; for children ought not to lay up for their parents, but parents for their children” (2 Cor. 12:14); and, “My little children, with whom I am again in travail until Christ be formed in you!” (Gal. 4:19).
John said, “My little children, I am writing this to you so that you may not sin; but if any one does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous” (1 John 2:1); “No greater joy can I have than this, to hear that my children follow the truth” (3 John 4). In fact, John also addresses men in his congregations as “fathers” (1 John 2:13–14).
By referring to these people as their spiritual sons and spiritual children, Peter, Paul, and John imply their own roles as spiritual fathers. Since the Bible frequently speaks of this spiritual fatherhood, we Catholics acknowledge it and follow the custom of the apostles by calling priests “father.” Failure to acknowledge this is a failure to recognize and honor a great gift God has bestowed on the Church: the spiritual fatherhood of the priesthood.
Some Protestants claim that when Catholics address priests as "father," they are engaging in an unbiblical practice. Here's how to respond.
www.catholic.com
Salvation?
Both the Old and New Testaments state that living a humble and pious spiritual life is key to living in accordance with God's ways. Living in a material world can make that difficult to do on an everyday, physical level. How can one reconcile the two? It's enough to make even the most devout followers stressed out, doubtful of themselves, the world and so forth.
The Catholic Church teaches that salvation comes through faith - that can be true. But what happens when one is "spiritually faithful" (or doing their best to be) but has a bad week? Bad month? Bad year? Eventually what could happen is that person will lose track of their "spirituality" because the cross they are carrying becomes too heavy to carry.
So we are given the gift of being able to talk to someone about it, confess our mistakes to God, ask for forgiveness from God and then given the opportunity of taking the first step of getting "back on track" - by prayer, penance - humbling ourselves. That doesn't mean that a person needs to go to physical confession every time they slip up - if they are sincere about it, they can do it any time they feel the need - at home, in a peaceful place - there's nothing wrong with humbling yourself and admitting your mistakes.
Salvation and works go hand in hand. For some, their faith is so strong that their works are shown through their faith. For others, their works, sacrifices and piety are so strong that their faith is shown by their works.