Although several other key U.S. aid recipients, notably Iraq, Egypt and Afghanistan, are also listed as āsafe havens,ā in those cases government efforts battling terrorists are noted. Other āsafe havensā include countries where large areas are ungoverned, such as Libya and Yemen. The State Departmentās 2016 evaluation does not reflect well on Pakistan in particular, as the report reinforces long-held concerns that while Islamabad combats some terrorist groups it coddles others, allowing their leaders to address supporters and fundraise openly. Pakistan has long been among the biggest recipients of U.S. foreign assistance. In the FY 2017 budget request it was fifth-biggest recipient, behind Israel, Egypt, Afghanistan and Jordan. Since 2001 U.S. taxpayers have contributed more than $33 billion to Pakistan, either in direct aid or as reimbursements for counterterrorism efforts.
An amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act authored by Rep. Ted Poe (R-Texas) and passed unanimously last week, requires the administration to certify that Pakistan is not providing military, financial, or logistical support to any terrorists operating in Pakistan or Afghanistan ā a step Poe said āforces Pakistan to make a long overdue choice: either go after terrorists or lose millions of dollars of American aid.ā The term āterrorist safe havenā in the report applies to āungoverned, under-governed, or illgoverned physical areas where terrorists are able to organize, plan, raise funds, communicate, recruit, train, transit, and operate in relative security because of inadequate governance capacity, political will, or both.ā The report states that ānumerous terrorist groupsā continued to operate from Pakistani territory in 2016, including the Haqqani Network (HQN), Lashkar e-Toiba (LeT), and Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM). All three are U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs). HQN, a Taliban faction, is viewed as the most effective terrorist group in the region, and frequently targets U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan.
Despite a $10 million U.S. reward offer, Lashkar e-Toiba founder Hafiz Mohammad Saeed moves freely in Pakistan. Here he is seen addressing a Ramadan iftar at an Islamabad hotel
Among others, HQN is accused of a suicide bombing at a U.S. military base in Afghanistan in 2009, in which seven CIA employees were killed. A declassified Defense Intelligence Agency cable claimed that Pakistanās Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency paid the terrorists to carry out the attack. The other two groups cited, LeT and JeM, were established in Pakistan in the 1980s and 90s and primarily target India. After being supposedly banned in 2002, LeT changed its name to Jamaat ud-Dawa (JuD). It is led by Hafiz Saeed, a U.N.-designated global terrorist, wanted by India for masterminding a terror attack in Mumbai in 2008, in which six Americans were among the 166 victims. The U.S. and India have been calling on the government to act against Saeed for almost a decade, and he is the subject of a $10 U.S. reward offer.
Pakistani authoritiesā approach towards LeT received particular attention in the new report. It said JuD and another LeT wing, Falah-i-Insaniat Foundation (FiF), were āable to openly engage in fundraising, including in the capitalā and that Saeed ācontinued to address large rallies.ā It acknowledged that Pakistan had, in February this year, proscribed Saeed under anti-terror legislation, āthus severely restricting his freedom of movement.ā However, it said the government has not publicly reversed a 2015 declaration to the effect that neither JuD nor FiF is banned. Last January it place both āunder observationā which while short of a ban does allow the government to scrutinize their activities. The report also said when Pakistanās National Counterterrorism Authority late last year published a list of banned organizations it did not include JuD, but put it in a separate āunder observationā section. The report did recognize that Pakistan has continued military operations against safe havens in the tribal areas along the border with Afghanistan, but added that ātheir impact on all terrorist groups was uneven.ā
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