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The historical evidence for Jesus' existence, beyond the New Testament, is a combination of non-Christian sources like Josephus, Tacitus, and others, along with archaeological finds that support the historical context of the Gospels. While the New Testament provides the most detailed accounts, these external sources offer corroboration of key details like Jesus' execution by
Pontius Pilate and his followers, and the general historical setting.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Non-Christian Sources:
- Josephus:
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A Jewish historian and commander in Galilee, Josephus mentions Jesus in his writings, although the authenticity of some parts is debated.
- Tacitus:
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The Roman historian Tacitus, in his Annals, refers to a "Christus" who was executed by Pilate, confirming the crucifixion and the origins of the Christian name, according to the Biblical Archaeology Society.
- Mara bar Serapion:
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A Syriac Stoic, Mara bar Serapion wrote about the execution of "the wise king of the Jews," possibly referring to Jesus, although the exact context is debated.
2. Eyewitness Accounts and Early Christian Writings:
3. Archaeological Evidence:
- Nazareth:
While some debated its existence, archaeologists have found evidence of a rock-hewn courtyard house, tombs, and a cistern in Nazareth, confirming the historical reality of this biblical location, according to History.com.
- Crucifixion:
Archaeologists have also found evidence of Roman crucifixions, which supports the description of Jesus' execution in the New Testament, according to History.com.
- Golgotha:
Archaeological excavations at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher have uncovered an agricultural layer dating back to the early Roman period, which may align with the biblical description of Jesus' crucifixion in a garden.
4. Other Details:
In conclusion, the historical evidence for Jesus, while not as extensive as for other historical figures like Tiberius, is significant enough to support his existence as a historical figure,
according to American Atheists. The New Testament accounts are corroborated by non-Christian sources and archaeological finds, providing a strong case for the historical Jesus.