Everyone thinks of "Federal Income Taxes" in threads like these.
The real question isn't "who pays more taxes?". The real question is "what is the overall effective tax burden as a percentage of income?"
Why is this question important, because it examines not how much a person pays in taxes as a dollar amount, which is misleading because different people make different amounts of dollars. It asks the question based on "burden", but not just Federal Income Tax burden, but total burden. As individuals move up the "wealth" ladder, they gain access to increased resources where small percentages of income HAVE to be used for basic consumables (basic shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and more resources become available for both "investment" increasing wealth even further or "luxuaries". One such "resource" is the ability to generate "capital gains" income at "tax rates" significantly lower then the "income rate" - now don't lock in on this one thing. It's an example of the sympton, not the cause.
When looking at total tax burden as a function of income:
- All income has to be counted (Taxable Income, Capital Gains Income, Interest, Dividents, Investments, etc.)
- Published Federal Tax Rate (Gross)
- Effective Federal Tax Rate (After dedeuctions, credits, loopholes, etc.)
- Published and Effective State Tax rates
- Property Tax (Land)
- Property Tax (Non-land)
- Sales Tax
- Embedded Taxes (local, state, federal)
Embedded taxes are those taxes, as a function of business, that become party of the cost equation for determing final sale price. There are two types of embedded taxes:
- INDIRECT: These are taxes that the business paid as part of bringing a product to market. Business taxes, employer portion of FICA, workers compensation, import taxes (tarriffs) on materials and goods needed, etc.
- DIRECT: Local, State, Federal - taxes places on a good or service paid directly by the consumer as part of the transaction. For example, an additional "resturarnt tax" or "tourist tax". Then of course the example of Federal Fuel taxes which is $0.185 cents per gallon with an additional $0.001 cents (that isn't a typo) for Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST).
Any discussion based on "who pays more dollars", misses the point. The real question (IMHO) should be an examination of who is impacted the most by overal tax burdon - not in dollars - but as a function of overall taxes compared to overall income (i.e. percentage).
WW