Let's put some numbers to this since the use of the emtionally charged words of "punishment" and "poverty".
Average Social Security Retirement for 2025 is $2000 per month. Social Security benefits are reduced by 5/9ths of 1% for each month prior to FRA (Full Retirement Age) for up to 36 months and 5/12th of 1% for the any months (up to 24) over 36. That means at age 62 someone with an FRA of 67 sees a 30% reduction if they start drawing a benefit at age 62.
The average SS benefit in 2025 was $2000 a month, if that is reduced by 30% at age 62 the benefit is $1400 a month or $16,800 per year.
The federal poverty line for an individual is $15,640 for an individual, and yes SS is an individualized benefit.
The working income limit for Social Security is $23,400 for years prior to FRA and $62,140 for the year in which you reach FRA.
So someone drawing average Social Security, that retires early at age 62, can both work and draw Social Security with no Social Security reduction and have $16,800 + $23,400 = $40,200. Again the federal poverty level is $15,640.
Using an average benefit, in other words, a working reduction doesn't kick in until the indivdiuals combined Social Security + Work reaches 257% of the federal poverty level.
Also, pensions, IRA, 401K, etc. distributions (i.e. other forms of income) do not impact SS benefits, it's only wage income.
But that is exactly what often happens.
SS benefits are an individual benefit, independent of the spouses income. While individual situations vary, it is often advised by financial planners that:
- The lower income spouse retires early and starts drawing a benefit prior to FRA.
- The high income spouse delays drawing a benefit to at least FRA or even 70 for an even higher benefit.
- The couple then receives the SS benefit as additional income early.
- If the lower income spouse passes, the higher income spouse ends up with a higher benefit.
- If the higher income spouse passes, the lower income spouse ends up receiving a higher benefit based on survivorship and starts drawing the higher income spouses benefit.
To prevent this, one suggestion, would be to convert the determination being based on an individual's income to AGI (Adjusted Gross Income) for couples that are married filing jointly. That would then bring the spouses income into the equation. But the results might not be what you hope for in the larger scheme of things.
The above is very common advice from financial planners as a means for a couple to maximize benefits over the long term.
Currently the Social Security Retirement Trust Fund is due to be exhausted in circa 2034, the result will be an across the board decrease of approximately 25% for Social Security recipients if no action is taken by Congress to "fix" the issue. (What that action "should" be is a discussion for another thread.)
By removing the income limits and the benefit reduction calaculation for combined social security and wages well above the federal poverty level, that means SS benefits will rise for early retirees who work, more money will be taken from the Trust to pay current benefits, and the Trust is depleated earlier, and the reduction caused by not having the Trust and only being able to pay benefits based on collections happens earlier for everyone.
WW