I'm looking for a well reasoned definition of 'Freedom FROM religion'.
I often hear the same talking point repeated over and over, that the 1st Amendment provides for freedom OF religion but not freedom FROM religion. I honestly do not see a well reasoned difference. I've made this request in the past, but nobody has ever been able to supply a reasonable definition of 'freedom FROM religion' that actually qualifies as an individual 'freedom'. Most would agree that the 1st Amendment protects one's right not to practice any religion. And isn't that freedom from religion?
To try to give this a serious answer, first you have to understand the context of each phrase.
Establishment Clause:
This phrase is derived from the 1st Amendment to the United States Constitution, which has already been quoted in this thread. That phrase established originally that the federal government could not establish laws which respected one religion over another. As noted by the principal author of the 14th Amendment (John Bingham) the feeling was that many state actors had violated their oath of office to support and defend the Constitution (which includes the Bill of Rights) and so one intent of the 14th was to make the Bill of Rights (at least the first 8 amendments) binding on the states. This has "incorporated" certain sections of the BOR as applicable to all levels of government.
Freedom of Religion:
As part of the Constitution, individuals (not government entities) are protected from government interference in the observance of their religious beliefs. Such observance of course is guaranteed as long as (a) it doesn't interfere with the rights of others or (b) does not conflict with another valid government interest. For example, a person can claim that human sacrifice is a part of their religion, but since it interferes with another right to life, then that does not permit the person to perform murder or a person can claim that paying taxes is against their religion, but that does not override the governments interest in generating revenue to operate and provide it's valid functions.
Freedom From Religion:
This phrase has no real basis in law and is more like wishful thinking on the part of some individuals. True there is freedom of government imposed religion, but there is no basis in law that says that you will never be exposed to any religion by individuals acting in a private capacity. Let's say that you have to drive buy a Church on the way home, you have no right to expect to not be exposed to a cross because you drive by it. You desire to not participate in a religion does not preclude your exposure to religion by other private entities.
Basically the government is barred from respecting an establishment of religion and not preventing private individuals from practicing their own religion. There is no such "right" to not be exposed to the religious views of others acting in a private capacity.
Hope that helps.
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