Man of Ethics
Gold Member
- Feb 28, 2021
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- 248
Prior to mid 19th Century, resources were very limited. Production per capita was about 50 times lower then in USA 2021. Child mortality was 30% to 50%. Life was miserable. Between the time of Hammurabi and late XVIIIth Century, agrarian life and technology did not change much. The only way to acquire reasonable or large resources was by exploiting others. Almost every Civilization was built on exploitation of many people. Some systems of exploitation were relatively humane, while others were brutal.
French Society had great income inequality. Here. Nobles, clergy, and Bourgeois consumed 50% of resources which were mostly produced by peasants. Nevertheless, the level of direct coercion was minimal. The nobles owned the land. The peasants paid rent, but they were free to move to another estate. Peasants were not slaves, and they were not subject to physical abuse.
Of course, French Peasants were not happy with the fact that the fruits of their hard work were expropriated. That was the cause of French Revolution. Nevertheless, the system of exploitation produced a noble class which advanced sciences and arts. That system used resources extracted from peasants to produce masterpieces of Art and Architecture.
Russian and East European Serfdom was much more coercive. The peasants were bound to their owners. In Russia, about 60% of peasant population paid taxes -- they were either state peasants or obrok (tax) peasants. About 30% of peasants were in worse situation -- they had work (barshina) obligations. They had to work about three days per week for their owners. About 10% of peasants were de facto slaves -- household servants or factory serfs. In Russia and East Europe, serfs did suffer physical abuse from their owners.
American Slavery was extremely coercive and exploitative. Slaves had work obligations at least 2.5 times higher then serfs in Russia and East Europe. Brutal abuse of slaves was common. American Slavery was based not only on exploitation but also on unnecessary brutality. That was excessive by XVIIth and XIXth Century standards. { American Slavery and Russian Serfdom.}
French Society had great income inequality. Here. Nobles, clergy, and Bourgeois consumed 50% of resources which were mostly produced by peasants. Nevertheless, the level of direct coercion was minimal. The nobles owned the land. The peasants paid rent, but they were free to move to another estate. Peasants were not slaves, and they were not subject to physical abuse.
Of course, French Peasants were not happy with the fact that the fruits of their hard work were expropriated. That was the cause of French Revolution. Nevertheless, the system of exploitation produced a noble class which advanced sciences and arts. That system used resources extracted from peasants to produce masterpieces of Art and Architecture.
Russian and East European Serfdom was much more coercive. The peasants were bound to their owners. In Russia, about 60% of peasant population paid taxes -- they were either state peasants or obrok (tax) peasants. About 30% of peasants were in worse situation -- they had work (barshina) obligations. They had to work about three days per week for their owners. About 10% of peasants were de facto slaves -- household servants or factory serfs. In Russia and East Europe, serfs did suffer physical abuse from their owners.
American Slavery was extremely coercive and exploitative. Slaves had work obligations at least 2.5 times higher then serfs in Russia and East Europe. Brutal abuse of slaves was common. American Slavery was based not only on exploitation but also on unnecessary brutality. That was excessive by XVIIth and XIXth Century standards. { American Slavery and Russian Serfdom.}