(a) Each congressperson swears (usually on the Bible) an oath to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. Also, because the USSC is limited to "cases" and "controversies" there is no systematic way for the USSC to review a law to determine whether it is "Constitutional." It can only look at bits and pieces of laws that are individually challenged pursuant to particular factual circumstances and enforcement actions. Therefore, a Congressperson CANNOT rely on the USSC for determination of the constitutionality of laws s/he is working on, but must make a bona fide determination individually of whether the law in question is constitutional.
(b) The "living document" argument is total bullshit, and disproven by the existence of Article V, which explains in great detail how the Constitution MUST be amended. The "living document" approach renders this Article totally meaningless, which no one ever intended.
(c) Anyone who has ever stayed awake in High School Civics class will recall that we are (correctly) taught that the Federal Government is a government of LIMITED powers, as defined by the Constitution itself - in particular Article I, which details the powers of Congress. The Tenth Amendment states very explicitly that the powers not specifically delegated to the Federal Government (Congress) are "...reserved to the States, respectively, and to the people." In other words, if some power is not delegated to Congress in the Constitution or Amendments, then Congress DOES NOT HAVE THAT POWER.
(d) I have to wonder what many of the people posting on this thread were thinking as the public anticipated the USSC's ruling on the ACA. If the Constitution were a "living document," or if the Congress is permitted to do anything that it deems necessary for promoting the "general welfare," then what was all the fretting about? It should have been a "slam dunk." Congress did it. Congress thought it promoted the "general welfare," What's the problem?
And why was it necessary to conclude that the penalty for not getting insurance had to be deemed a tax?
You must have found it very perplexing. It was almost as if the list of enumerrated Congressional powers in Section 8 MEANT SOMETHING(!). They were not just examples of things Congress could do under the "general welfare" clause.
Again I will ask the question: Do Liberals believe that there are any limits to what Congress can spend money on? And if so, what sets those limits?