One is South Korea, where among the nearly 20,000 GIs stationed there last year, there was one suicide: A soldier hanged himself. Leaders there say they are encouraging soldiers to seek help and to look out for one another, and that effort is paying off. In December, Army Spc. Andrew Korpash, 26, who is stationed near the Korean demilitarized zone, contacted a chaplain about desperate text messages another G.I. sent after being jilted by a woman. "The thing that got my attention was the actual list of ways he would do it (commit suicide)," says Korpash, a Korean language linguist. "That's when it seemed like it was pretty serious to me."
But there is another reason that underscores how U.S. troops die by suicide, the use of firearms. In South Korea, soldiers are effectively barred from keeping private firearms because of strict national gun control laws there. "Most soldiers in the military, the majority, commit suicide through firearms," says Maj. Gen. Edward Cardon, commander of 2nd Infantry Division and some 10,000 soldiers in South Korea. "So the restrictions on firearms is clearly a factor [in reducing the deaths]." Military research shows that guns are involved in 61 percent of servicemember suicides -- personal firearms in three out of four of those cases. Gun suicides are even more prevalent in the Army, where suicide rates have risen to 29 per 100,000 last year, above the pace of suicides in the public.
A soon-to-be published study by the Pentagon's National Center for Telehealth and Technology asserts there is a gun culture among those who volunteer to serve and acknowledges the difficulty of restricting personal firearms, despite evidence that it could reduce suicides. In Israel, which has tough restrictions on personal firearms, the Israeli Defense Force changed policy in 2006, prohibiting troops from taking their service weapons home on weekends. Suicides dropped 45 percent, according to a 2010 study. American troops anywhere in the world are heavily restricted on registration and storage of personal firearms while living on U.S. military bases. But that uniformity ends when the issue is off-base housing.
Troops overseas must abide by the restrictions of host nations, according to military policy. Accordingly, U.S. soldiers in South Korea, Germany, Italy and elsewhere are virtually without access to personal firearms. Suicides have been fewer among those troops. Last year there were three Army suicides among the 25,000 soldiers posted in Germany, one among 19,200 in South Korea and none in Italy where 3,900 soldiers are based.
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