Atheist soldier says Army punished him

Wrong, the Thugs and terrorists may have had state sponsorship by being in the military or in the Government, but claiming that the entire apperatus was non Muslim is ignorant. The people were then and still are Muslim.

Further claiming that because yesterday Saddam did it and now today "Muslims" do it and it was ok before is pathetic.

The Muslim clerics that are leading the non AQ forces existed BEFORE Saddam was ousted. Their followers existed BEFORE Saddam was ousted.

Further Terrorists WERE in Iraq before Saddam was ousted. They may have not been attacking Government forces, but they were there as were the thugs.

The state apparatus was Ba'athist. A secular pan-Arab socialist party. Sure, individuals may have been Muslim, among other religions but the party itself and its apparatus were secular.

About the terrorists inside Iraq when he was still in charge, that's interesting. Who were they?
 
Talk about clueless. You really believe your own shit? Think about it, what was saddam? His sons who raped women at their weddings, how about the jails for kids and the torture rooms, a day in the park?

You are fucking pathetically delusional

That isn't "terrorism".. :rofl:

Go... do some reading... learn some things. It might help you...

or not. :eusa_hand: :cuckoo:
 
That topic has been beaten to death. THe bigotted anti Christians have not been able to come up with good counter arguements. In order to believe them, you have to totally ignore a wealth of information. They are so delusional, it isnt difficult for them. Most of the FF's were book signed Christians of varying denominations, and, THERE WERE STATE SANCTIONED CHURCHES AT THE TIME. The First amendment, like all the others, was simply making sure the feds didnt wrestly control of that issue from the states.
States rights was a huge issue, so huge, the first constitution had to be re written cuz it wasnt effective enough. They had to give the feds more power.
TOday , the wacky left and activist judges have made the COTUS meaningless. We are a nation of laws, but not under the Constitution. Those who claim it are only creating a delusional smoke screen, or do so out of political necessity. We have not been governed by the Cotus for some years now, Income taxes are unconstitutional.
Do you know when they started them? Dont look it up.

Still, we were never a Christian nation and that was my point.
 
Saddam was notionally a Sunni. He ran a secular regime (uh-oh, I've done it now, secularism is in for it, oh well) which included Muslims as well as Chaldean Catholics, but given the regime was Ba'athist and secular I think it's a bit of a stretch you're trying there.

A casual reading of jillian's post would reveal that she was referring to motivation. NOW in Iraq there are Muslim thugs and terrorists. THEN in Saddam's secular Iraq there were simply state thugs and state terrorists. The invasion and occupation (war if you will) has opened the way for the Muslim thugs and terrorists to operate in what was previously a secular dictatorship.


Thanx for the civil discourse. It shows you are probably open minded about such topics.

As RGS says below, because they recd state support, doesnt mean they werent devoted Muslims. Its hard to believe that Islam doesnt have factions at war with each other in Iraq. In fact, hasnt President Bush's distracters claimed the country can never work because of the religous muslim factions?
 
The state apparatus was Ba'athist. A secular pan-Arab socialist party. Sure, individuals may have been Muslim, among other religions but the party itself and its apparatus were secular.

About the terrorists inside Iraq when he was still in charge, that's interesting. Who were they?
http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror_94/statespon.html#Iraq
Iraq continued to engage in state-sponsored internal and international terrorism in 1994. It is rebuilding its ability to mount terrorist attacks abroad, despite financial and diplomatic constraints imposed in the wake of the Gulf war.
The Government of Iraq provides safehaven and logistic support to several terrorist groups and individuals, including elements of the ANO, based in Lebanon; the Mojahedin-e Khalq, which is opposed to the government in Tehran; Abu Abbas' Palestine Liberation Front (PLF); and notorious bomb-maker Abu Ibrahim. Both Abbas and Ibrahim enjoy sanctuary in Iraq.

Political killings and terrorist actions are directed against civilians, foreign relief workers, journalists, and opposition leaders. On 12 April, a prominent Iraqi expatriate oppositionist residing in Beirut, Lebanon, was assassinated. The Government of Lebanon stated that it had firm evidence linking the killing to the Government of Iraq and arrested two Iraqi diplomats in connection with the incident. Lebanon subsequently broke diplomatic relations with Iraq.

Since 1991, in violation of UN Security Council resolutions, the Government of Iraq has obstructed the international community's provision of humanitarian assistance. We believe that Iraq is responsible for more than 100 attacks on relief personnel and aid convoys over the past four years. Moreover, the Government of Iraq has offered monetary "bounties" to anyone who assassinates UN and other international relief workers.

A German journalist and her Kurdish bodyguard were shot to death on 3 April in an ambush near Suleymaniya. Kurdish authorities arrested several suspects who reportedly confessed that the government had paid them to commit the murders. Several other international personnel, including UN guards and journalists, were critically injured in bombing and shooting attacks. At least 16 such attacks were reported. On 2 January, two UN vehicles were fired on while approaching the Aski Kalak bridge between Mosul and Irbil. One vehicle was hit seven times. On 21 January a handmade device using TNT exploded in the garden of a UN residence. Two Swedish journalists were injured on 14 March near Aqrah when a bomb exploded under their car. On 24 May two vehicles carrying representatives from the NGO OXFAM were shot at while returning to Suleymaniyah from a UN-NGO meeting in Salaheddin. On 1 June handgrenades were thrown at a warehouse in Suleymaniyah belonging to the French relief group Equilibre.

In July, three members of a prominent Shi'a family, the al-Khoeis, and their driver died under suspicious circumstances in an automobile crash in southern Iraq, near Al Najaf. Evidence points to involvement by the Government of Iraq. The al-Khoei family had long been targeted for harassment and abuse by the government.

On 4 June, a Kuwaiti court returned verdicts in the trial of the 14 individuals accused of participation in the plot to assassinate former President Bush during his April 1993 visit to Kuwait. Six of the 14 were sentenced to death, seven were sentenced to prison for terms ranging from six months to 12 years, and one was acquitted.

Dont lose sight of the original claim and question, and the spirit of the thread. If you get bogged down in semantics and meaningless details, you will never discover the real facts and truth.
 
That isn't "terrorism".. :rofl:

Go... do some reading... learn some things. It might help you...

or not. :eusa_hand: :cuckoo:

once again a response with nothing, except personal attacks. You think this reallyl works? Or are you just using this forum for venting?
 
Still, we were never a Christian nation and that was my point.

Not a theocracy, but Christian in beliefs, culture, govt, politically, yes.

We were and are so dominated and infused with Christianity and Christian values, to deny were are a Christian nation, is either denying the obvious, and/or semantics.

Go overseas, which I have extensively, and see what the rest of the world thinks about this. And I do know the libs are seriously concerned what the rest of the world thinks about us.
 
Still, we were never a Christian nation and that was my point.


THe evidence is overwhelming:

http://truthmatters.info/america-a-christian-nation/

Supreme Court Decision: Holy Trinity v. United States (1892)

“No purpose of action against religion can be imputed to any legislation, State or national, because this is a religious people … This is a Christian nation.

There is no dissonance in these declarations. There is a universal language pervading them all, having one meaning; they affirm and reaffirm that this is a religious nation. These are not individual sayings, declarations of private persons: they are organic [legal, governmental] utterances; they speak the voice of the entire people. … These, and many other matters which might be noticed, add a volume of unofficial declarations to the mass of organic utterances that this is a Christian nation.”

Church of the Holy Trinity v. U.S.; 143 U.S. 457, 458 (1892), 465, 470, 471.

Proclamation by George Washington Issued on October 3, 1789

“Whereas it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and humbly to implore His protection and favor . . . Now, therefore, I do recommend . . . that we may all unite in rendering unto Him our sincere and humble thanks for His kind care and protection . . . And also that we may then unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations, and beseech Him to pardon our national and other transgressions . . . to promote the knowledge and practice of true religion and virtue.”

Washington, Writings (1838) Vol. XII, pp. 119-120, October 3, 1789. See also James D. Richardson, A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897 (Published by the Authority of Congress, 1899), VOl. I, p. 64, October 3, 1789. OI-115.

George Washington: Speech to Delaware Indian Chiefs on June 12, 1779

“You do well to wish to learn our arts and ways of life, and above all, the religion of Jesus Christ. These will make you a greater and happier people than you are. Congress will do everything they can to assist you in this wise intention.”

George Washington, The Writings of Washington, John C. Fitzpatrick, editor (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1932), Vol. XV, p. 55. OI-270.

George Washington’s Farewell Address

“Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensible supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness.”

George Washington, Address of George Washington, President of the United States . . . Preparatory to his Declination (Baltimore: George and Henry S. Keatinge, 1796), pp. 22-23. OI-309.

Thomas Jefferson

“And can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are of the gift of God? That they are not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just; that his justice cannot sleep forever.”

Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virgina (Philadelphia: Matthew Carey, 1794), Query XVIII, p. 237. MS-176.

Benjamin Franklin

“In the beginning of the contest with Great Britain, when we were sensible of danger, we had daily prayer in this room for the Divine protection. Our prayers, sir were heard, and they were graciously answered . . . I therefore beg leave to move–that henceforth prayers imploring the assistance of Heaven, and its blessings on our deliberations, be held in this Assembly every morning before we proceed to business.”

James Madison, The Papers of James Madison, Henry D. Gilpin, editor (Washington: Langtree & O’Sullivan, 1840), Vol. II, p. 984-986, June 28, 1787.

“We have been assured, Sir, in the Sacred Writings that except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it. I firmly believe this; and I also believe that without His concurring aid, we shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders of Babel.”

James Madison, The Papers of James Madison, Henry D. Gilpin, editor (Washington: Langtree & O’Sullivan, 1840), Vol. II, p. 985, June 28, 1787.

John Jay — First Chief Justice of the United States

“Providence has given to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest of our Christian nation, to select and prefer Christians for their rulers.”

William Jay, The Life of John Jay (New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833), Vol. II, p.376, to John Murray, Jr. on October 12, 1816. OI-334.

“Only one adequate plan has ever appeared in the world, and that is the Christian dispensation.”

John Jay, The Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay, Henry P. Johnston, editor (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1893), Vol. IV, p.52, to Lindley Murray on August 22, 1794. OI-168.

John Adams: Thanksgiving Proclamation

“As the safety and prosperity of nations ultimately and essentially depend on the protection and the blessing of Almighty God, and the national acknowledgement of this truth is not only an indispensible duty which the people owe to Him . . . I have therefore thought fit to recommend . . . a day of solemn humiliation, fasting, and prayer that the citizens of these States . . . offer their devout addresses to the Father of Mercies.”

John Adams, Works, Volume IX, p. 169, proclamation for a National Thanksgiving on March 23, 1798.

From two of the most scholarly, well documented books I have ever read, Original Intent and The Myth of Separation by David Barton, available from www.wallbuilders.com

*********************************************************

Misunderstandings About the Tripoli Treaty of 1797


Some people say that the Tripoli Treaty of 1797 states clearly that the United States is NOT a Christian nation. Here’s what it said, and here’s what I think. It said …



…the government of the United States is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Musselmen …

This is just my humble opinion, but … like noses, everyone has one.

I think the key to understanding this is context. What is the context? Judging from history, the context seems to be the “Christianity” of Europe which attacked Muslims (Musselmen) during the Crusades and other times. It appears that the treaty was worded in such a way as to give the Muslims great assurance that America is not like those European nations who called themselves “Christian” yet attacked them mercilessly. The American founders detested government control by “Christian institutions,” yet most of them were strong, Protestant Christians themselves, showing their Christian committment in numerous ways–from founding colleges at Harvard, Princeton and Yale for the express purpose of training Christian preachers to go throughout all the land, to forming Bible Societies to help get Bibles distributed everywhere, to having prayer meetings in Congress, to carving Bible verses in stone, etc, etc, etc.

So it seems to me that this treaty could really have been worded …

…the government of the United States is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion [of Europe] as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Musselmen …

and it seems that the reason “of Europe” was not inserted in the language was because everyone understood what their meaning was and there was no need to insert this.

Is that an unreasonable opinion?

DEBATE ON “CHRISTIAN AMERICA” AT THE DAWKINS FORUM HERE
http://richarddawkins.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7711&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0
 
I do so love when people rely on Cliff notes to *get* what something says instead of reading about it themselves...


The U.S. Supreme Court even fell victim to the "Christian nation" mentality from time to time. Religious Right activists frequently cite 1892's Holy Trinity Church v. United Slates decision as proof that the high court considered the United States a "Christian nation." But as usual, they don't tell the whole story.

In the ruling, Justice David Brewer flatly declared, "This is a Christian nation." To this day, historians debate what Brewer meant by the term. It is unclear whether he meant to say the country's laws should reflect Christianity or was simply acknowledging the fact that most Americans are Christians.

A strong case can be made for the latter proposition by examining a case that came along five years after the Holy Trinity ruling. The dispute centered on legalized prostitution in New Orleans. A Methodist church challenged a city ordinance allowing prostitution in one area of the city. The church argued that prostitution should be illegal everywhere in New Orleans, and said the activity was inconsistent with Christianity which the Supreme Court of the United States says is the foundation of our government.

Writing for a unanimous court, Brewer completely ignored the church's argument and upheld the New Orleans policy. Brewer's bypass in this case suggests that he did not mean to imply in Holy Trinity that the United States should enforce the dictates of Christianity by law. Had that been Brewer's intention, he surely would have upheld the Methodists' claim.

http://candst.tripod.com/case17.htm

I love the separation of church and state....

And, frankly, why anyone needs this to be a "Christian" nation is beyond me...
 
Not a theocracy, but Christian in beliefs, culture, govt, politically, yes.

We were and are so dominated and infused with Christianity and Christian values, to deny were are a Christian nation, is either denying the obvious, and/or semantics.

Go overseas, which I have extensively, and see what the rest of the world thinks about this. And I do know the libs are seriously concerned what the rest of the world thinks about us.

No, you are trying to infuse your Christian idelas into pre-existing ideals. Our laws and our original government and poilitical structure was based on reason and ethics. Laws that Christians believe to be theirs can be found in all religions and secular societies. These are common sense laws based on ethics.
 
Putting to Rest the 'Christian Nation' Myth

David R. Koepsell

http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=koepsell_25_3

The following Op-Ed is from Free Inquiry magazine, Volume 25, Number 3.

The Council for Secular Humanism, its spokespersons, and Free Inquiry's editors and authors are often forced to respond to theists enraged over court decisions and legislation that aim to ensure the separation of church and state.

Consistently, we have sought to uphold the establishment clause of the First Amendment in its most literal sense. Our arguments in favor of the clear separation of church and state are based upon sound constitutional and historical grounds. The opponents of separation have often focused on two claims: (1) that the United States is a "Christian nation" because it was "founded by Christians" and (2) that the United States is a Christian nation because its civil and criminal laws are "Judeo-Christian in origin."

Both claims are illogical and historically inaccurate. Our Constitution only refers to religion where it seeks to actively exclude it from the government. The secular nature of the United States is clear. There is a substantial body of literature deconstructing the faiths of our nation's founders. It leaves little room for doubt that the founders, while by and large Christian, were generally only nominally so. Even the more pious were liberal Christians, far different from the strain of fundamentalist, born-again Christian that has recently emerged as a major class of proponents for the Christian nation myth.

It is certainly true that part of the revolt against the British involved distaste for the imposition of an Anglican bishop over the colonies, which, according to William Livingston, was a greater affront to liberty of conscience than the "deservedly obnoxious Stamp Act itself."1

Because of such vocal opposition, no Anglican bishop ever arrived in the colonies. But to understand the roots of the guarantees enshrined in the First Amendment that secured disestablishment, we must look to Virginia under the governorship of Thomas Jefferson.

In his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, drafted in 1777, Jefferson first proposed a radical disentanglement of state and religion, which the more conservative legislature was not yet ready to adopt. Staving off a challenge by Patrick Henry that would have denuded the bill and allowed for the establishment of Christianity as Virginia's official religion, James Madison gathered signatures for a "Memorial and Remonstrance" against Henry's proposed bill. Among Madison's arguments was that such a bill would not prevent future Virginians from establishing a particular sect of Christianity over another in the future.2

In 1786, Jefferson's bill was finally adopted, titled the Statute for Religious Freedom. It stated: "Be it enacted, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or beliefs."

It is no accident that the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights, which states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," is credited to Madison and Jefferson.

In commenting on the First Amendment, Jefferson described it in 1802 as "a wall of separation between Church and State." Jefferson described the spirit of the Revolution in general as a struggle against all "Lords Temporal or Spiritual."3 The faith of our Founders was clearly tempered by liberal sentiments and has been described as largely deistic.

Deism is an outgrowth of the French Enlightenment that rejects notions of a personal, involved god and instead ascribes to a god at most the status of Aristotle's "unmoved mover" or equates God with the natural laws of the universe itself. Surely, this view is reinforced by many of the statements the Founders left behind.

George Washington rarely mentioned God by name, referring instead to "the Grand Architect," a "superintending Power," the "Governor of the Universe," or the "Great Ruler of Events."

John Adams understood Christianity's greatest contributions to be introducing people to "the great principle of the Law of Nature and Nations: Love your Neighbour as yourself, and do unto others as you would that others should do to you."

And Jefferson said that if he were to found his own sect, it "would be the reverse of Calvin's: that we are saved by our good works which are within our power, and not by our faith which is not within our power."4

These notions of an impersonal, detached deity and a universe guided by reason and natural law bear the stamp of Enlightenment rationalism. Imported from Britain and France, rationalism lies at the roots of the American Republic.

Specifically absent, and disdained, is Calvinistic dogmatism, embraced by the Pilgrims but rejected by our founders both privately and publicly. But even had the Founders been Calvinists, or fundamentalist Christians of a modern variety, for purely logical reasons the United States is not in any sense a Christian nation.

According to the U.S. Department of State, "Turkey has been officially secular since 1924, although well over 95 percent of the population is Muslim."5 Turkey is officially secular because its constitution proclaims it so. It is not an Islamic state.

The First Amendment accomplishes the same for the United States, making it officially secular. Even if we were to imagine that the Founders were fundamentalist Christians, they created a secular state, in which no religion, despite its majority status, has any special privilege or status compared with any other religion or with atheism.

So, America is not a Christian nation, by virtue both of its history and the logic of its founding documents. Setting all of that aside, the nation is in any case becoming less Christian day by day, by virtue of its changing demographics.

Perhaps much of what lies behind today's desperate attempts to recast the United States as a Christian nation is the declining percentage of self-identified Christians in it and the fear this must provoke for those who foresee the day when Christianity is no longer the majority religion.

Since the 1990 census, the percentage of Christians has declined from roughly 86 percent to 76 percent, while the numbers of minority religionists and the religiously nonaffiliated have doubled, according to both the U.S. census and recent polls, to nearly 16 percent! What should the champions of the Christian nation myth draw from this fact? It should encourage them to embrace America's secular roots, because it is minorities that the Constitution protects.

These modern-day Calvinists forget that their ideological progenitors fled a nation in which the established religion and the religious majority persecuted them. It was their loathing of that history and a desire to protect freedom of conscience and belief, even nonbelief, that caused our founders to establish this secular, democratic republic-so that when today's Christians once again become a minority, they won't be relegated to second-class status as they now seek to do with members of minority religions and nonbelievers.

Notes 1. Edwin S. Schmidt and Leigh E. Gaustad, The Religious History of America (San Francisco, HarperSan Francisco, 2002), p. 123.
2. Ibid., pp. 124-25.
3. Ibid., p. 127.
4. Ibid., pp. 133-34.
5. The U.S. Department of State's Web site (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432. htm)
 
Christianizing America

By NAT HENTOFF

http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=hentoff_28_2

An array of reports and studies—not to mention Jay Leno’s impromptu questioning of college students on NBC’s Tonight Show—make it alarmingly clear that from grammar school to graduate school, and across the country at large, many Americans are educationally left behind in their knowledge of the basic constitutional, individual liberties. You know—the liberties we are purportedly trying to protect from terrorism.

In September, the Freedom Center, based at Vanderbilt University (a source of valuable research for me) released its annual “State of the First Amendment” national survey. Many of the responses were as politically correct and constitutionally incorrect as I have come to expect. Fifty-six percent of respondents would prohibit public statements that would offend racial groups; 74 percent would ban students from wearing T-shirts that might be offensive to various groups.

What startled me was that when asked if they believe “the Constitution establishes a Christian nation,” 46 percent of respondents strongly agreed, 19 percent mildly agreed, 12 percent disagreed, and 19 percent—brave secularists—strongly disagreed.

Here’s more to gladden the heart of Pat Robertson: 58 percent desire teacher-led prayers in schools :cuckoo: ; 43 percent support school holiday programs that are entirely Christian. (I remember such programs during my elementary school days at Boston’s William Lloyd Garrison public school during the so-called Great Depression.) Reversing the Supreme Court, 50 percent would permit public-school teachers to use the Bible as a “factual text” in history classes. :eusa_wall:

The fundamental question in this survey was “Is America a Christian nation?” Presidential candidate John McCain says yes. Commenting on the First Amendment Center’s poll in a September 30 New York Times interview, McCain said, “I would probably have to say that the Constitution established the United States as a Christian nation.” The only Baptist minister running for the White House, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, agrees.

Unsurprisingly concerned, Abraham Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League, told The Jewish Week (October 5): “The religious factor in campaigns is becoming more and more acceptable—it could easily cross the line and become a kind of religious test for office.”

All of this is telling those of us who are not Christians that we are here on sufferance. I’m reminded of a day years ago when I was on a panel at Robertson’s Regent College in Virginia. The question was: “Is this a Christian nation?” Before we went on, previous speakers agreed, in celebratory chorus, that this is clearly a historical fact.

When my turn came, I suggested the audience look more closely at the fact that God is absent from the Constitution—except for the date of the document: “the seventeenth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven.”

Amid the hostile stirrings in the audience, I also told them to check out Article VI, Section 3: “. . . no religious test shall ever be required as Qualification to any Office of public Trust under the United States.” For the rest of the day, I was the pariah in the room.

What I hadn’t realized at the time, until reading David Koepsell’s “Humanism and Civil Rights” (FREE INQUIRY, October/November 2007) was that despite a 1961 Supreme Court decision, there remain states that—in addition to denying atheists a range of civil rights—defy the utterly clear language of Article VI, Section 3, which forbids religious tests for public office.

Writing for a unanimous Supreme Court in Torcaso v. Watkins (1961), Justice Hugo Black penned a decision that affected the state constitutions of Arkansas, Maryland, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas, all of which continued to mandate belief in God as a requirement for state office. In the case before the Court, a citizen appointed as a notary public in Maryland was forbidden to serve because he would not abuse his conscience by swearing to a belief he did not hold. Hugo Black ordered that no state could act as if Article V, Section 3 had been written in invisible ink.

Among the remaining civics classes that have survived the No Child Left Behind Act’s concentration on teaching for tests in reading and math, I doubt if Torcaso v. Watkins is ever mentioned in public schools. Actually, the First Amendment Center might have asked the respondents to its “State of the First Amendment” poll how many had ever read the Constitution.

It would be useful if the same question could usefully be asked of members of the Congress, the incumbent president, and the presidential candidates of both parties. Except for Joseph Biden, very few ever cite the unilateral “effective revisions” of the Constitution by this administration.

Torcaso v. Watkins was not even fully obeyed by the offending states. In Isaac Kramnick’s and R. Laurence Moore’s The Godless Constitution (Norton 1995; expanded paperback edition, 1996), the authors help to explain the growing Christianization of this nation in Americans’ minds: “Since 1961, amazingly enough, each of the five states, including Maryland, have amended their constitutions [as ordered by the Supreme Court] but have not eliminated required belief in God from the documents. The force of [these remaining clauses may be symbolic in view of Torcaso], but they do matter. They speak to pressures that weigh upon legislatures and to the mentality of those who appoint and elect people to office. They tell atheists not to apply.” (Emphasis added.)

David Koepsell ended his FREE INQUIRY article by warning that “Some Supreme Court justices have publicly stated their opposition to Torcaso and its application of the First Amendment to the states. They would have no problem with a return to state-sponsored religion. We can only guess where Samuel Alito and John Roberts will come down on this matter.

“We should stand ready,” he added, “if the need arises—as it well might with this Supreme Court—to follow the model of successful civil rights movements and fight for what we have so slowly gained and so tenuously hold.”

Koepsell also advised that we not minimize “the way we are misperceived by a hostile public.” (Concrete evidence of that hostility to us atheists can also be found in the “State of the First Amendment” survey.)

But the civil rights movement has not been successful in securing compliance by state and federal legislatures to the unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education—witness our increasingly racially segregated public schools.

We do need a civil rights movement for atheists. As Koepsell writes: “There is no need now to march in the streets,” but we must maintain “our vocal and forceful presence in the courts, where the laws will protect us.”

But the meanings of these laws—as shown by some states’ post-Torcaso evasion of that Court decision and among the general public—are not being sufficiently protected. We also need to educate the educators and the public that the Fourteenth Amendment’s “equal protection of the laws” continues to fail to prevent debasement of atheists in the ways Koepsell describes in his article.

The considerable recent sales of books by atheists—and I doubt that only atheists bought them—shows a momentum of interest about the foundations of atheism that should be continued and quickened. I welcome specific ideas of how exactly that can be done. Perhaps not all future “State of the First Amendment” polls will reflect the current ignorance about atheism and atheists—and the Constitution.


Nat Hentoff is a regular columnist for The Village Voice and The Washington Times, a United Media syndicated columnist, and the author of Living the Bill of Rights (University at California Press, 1999) and The War on the Bill of Rights and the Gathering Resistance (Seven Stories Press, 2004).
 
Regarding your stuff in red, please explain how the ff's could want a complete division between religion and state, and then go formally and legally establish a state sponsored religion in their own states.

That amendment is simply taken out of context. It refers ONLY to the federal govt.

The original document governing our country didnt give the fed enough power , as the ff's were adament about States having the most power, and the country wasnt functioning very well, so they had a convention and came up with what we have now, giving the feds more power.

However, many refused to sign on unless some guarantees were made to prevent the feds from taking powers away from the states. Thats where the bill of rights came in. It was about states vs the feds. It is no accident that it is CONGRESS that shall make no law regarding....., states didnt even need to have a congress if they dont want to.

Dont forget, we are discussing how things were in circa 1776. Those who claim we were not founded as a Christian nation have to do many mind bending gymnastics to get there.
They have to ignore some things. like STATES establising their own religions
They have to distort others,
they have to take things out of context,
they have to take things as they are today to try and prove original intent.

Putting to Rest the 'Christian Nation' Myth

David R. Koepsell

http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=koepsell_25_3

The following Op-Ed is from Free Inquiry magazine, Volume 25, Number 3.

The Council for Secular Humanism, its spokespersons, and Free Inquiry's editors and authors are often forced to respond to theists enraged over court decisions and legislation that aim to ensure the separation of church and state.

Consistently, we have sought to uphold the establishment clause of the First Amendment in its most literal sense. Our arguments in favor of the clear separation of church and state are based upon sound constitutional and historical grounds. The opponents of separation have often focused on two claims: (1) that the United States is a "Christian nation" because it was "founded by Christians" and (2) that the United States is a Christian nation because its civil and criminal laws are "Judeo-Christian in origin."

Both claims are illogical and historically inaccurate. Our Constitution only refers to religion where it seeks to actively exclude it from the government. The secular nature of the United States is clear. There is a substantial body of literature deconstructing the faiths of our nation's founders. It leaves little room for doubt that the founders, while by and large Christian, were generally only nominally so. Even the more pious were liberal Christians, far different from the strain of fundamentalist, born-again Christian that has recently emerged as a major class of proponents for the Christian nation myth.

It is certainly true that part of the revolt against the British involved distaste for the imposition of an Anglican bishop over the colonies, which, according to William Livingston, was a greater affront to liberty of conscience than the "deservedly obnoxious Stamp Act itself."1

Because of such vocal opposition, no Anglican bishop ever arrived in the colonies. But to understand the roots of the guarantees enshrined in the First Amendment that secured disestablishment, we must look to Virginia under the governorship of Thomas Jefferson.

In his Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, drafted in 1777, Jefferson first proposed a radical disentanglement of state and religion, which the more conservative legislature was not yet ready to adopt. Staving off a challenge by Patrick Henry that would have denuded the bill and allowed for the establishment of Christianity as Virginia's official religion, James Madison gathered signatures for a "Memorial and Remonstrance" against Henry's proposed bill. Among Madison's arguments was that such a bill would not prevent future Virginians from establishing a particular sect of Christianity over another in the future.2

In 1786, Jefferson's bill was finally adopted, titled the Statute for Religious Freedom. It stated: "Be it enacted, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or beliefs."

It is no accident that the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights, which states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," is credited to Madison and Jefferson.

In commenting on the First Amendment, Jefferson described it in 1802 as "a wall of separation between Church and State." Jefferson described the spirit of the Revolution in general as a struggle against all "Lords Temporal or Spiritual."3 The faith of our Founders was clearly tempered by liberal sentiments and has been described as largely deistic.

Deism is an outgrowth of the French Enlightenment that rejects notions of a personal, involved god and instead ascribes to a god at most the status of Aristotle's "unmoved mover" or equates God with the natural laws of the universe itself. Surely, this view is reinforced by many of the statements the Founders left behind.

George Washington rarely mentioned God by name, referring instead to "the Grand Architect," a "superintending Power," the "Governor of the Universe," or the "Great Ruler of Events."

John Adams understood Christianity's greatest contributions to be introducing people to "the great principle of the Law of Nature and Nations: Love your Neighbour as yourself, and do unto others as you would that others should do to you."

And Jefferson said that if he were to found his own sect, it "would be the reverse of Calvin's: that we are saved by our good works which are within our power, and not by our faith which is not within our power."4

These notions of an impersonal, detached deity and a universe guided by reason and natural law bear the stamp of Enlightenment rationalism. Imported from Britain and France, rationalism lies at the roots of the American Republic.

Specifically absent, and disdained, is Calvinistic dogmatism, embraced by the Pilgrims but rejected by our founders both privately and publicly. But even had the Founders been Calvinists, or fundamentalist Christians of a modern variety, for purely logical reasons the United States is not in any sense a Christian nation.

According to the U.S. Department of State, "Turkey has been officially secular since 1924, although well over 95 percent of the population is Muslim."5 Turkey is officially secular because its constitution proclaims it so. It is not an Islamic state.

The First Amendment accomplishes the same for the United States, making it officially secular. Even if we were to imagine that the Founders were fundamentalist Christians, they created a secular state, in which no religion, despite its majority status, has any special privilege or status compared with any other religion or with atheism.

So, America is not a Christian nation, by virtue both of its history and the logic of its founding documents. Setting all of that aside, the nation is in any case becoming less Christian day by day, by virtue of its changing demographics.

Perhaps much of what lies behind today's desperate attempts to recast the United States as a Christian nation is the declining percentage of self-identified Christians in it and the fear this must provoke for those who foresee the day when Christianity is no longer the majority religion.

Since the 1990 census, the percentage of Christians has declined from roughly 86 percent to 76 percent, while the numbers of minority religionists and the religiously nonaffiliated have doubled, according to both the U.S. census and recent polls, to nearly 16 percent! What should the champions of the Christian nation myth draw from this fact? It should encourage them to embrace America's secular roots, because it is minorities that the Constitution protects.

These modern-day Calvinists forget that their ideological progenitors fled a nation in which the established religion and the religious majority persecuted them. It was their loathing of that history and a desire to protect freedom of conscience and belief, even nonbelief, that caused our founders to establish this secular, democratic republic-so that when today's Christians once again become a minority, they won't be relegated to second-class status as they now seek to do with members of minority religions and nonbelievers.

Notes 1. Edwin S. Schmidt and Leigh E. Gaustad, The Religious History of America (San Francisco, HarperSan Francisco, 2002), p. 123.
2. Ibid., pp. 124-25.
3. Ibid., p. 127.
4. Ibid., pp. 133-34.
5. The U.S. Department of State's Web site (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432. htm)
 
I do so love when people rely on Cliff notes to *get* what something says instead of reading about it themselves... ...
What are cliff notes?




http://candst.tripod.com/case17.htm

I love the separation of church and state.......
show me in the Constitution where those words exist.

And, frankly, why anyone needs this to be a "Christian" nation is beyond me...
As are many things, like logic, reason, facts.

And once again, your EDITORIAL contains zero facts of refutation. You can look that up to see what it means.
 
Regarding your stuff in red, please explain how the ff's could want a complete division between religion and state, and then go formally and legally establish a state sponsored religion in their own states.

That amendment is simply taken out of context. It refers ONLY to the federal govt.

The original document governing our country didnt give the fed enough power , as the ff's were adament about States having the most power, and the country wasnt functioning very well, so they had a convention and came up with what we have now, giving the feds more power.

However, many refused to sign on unless some guarantees were made to prevent the feds from taking powers away from the states. Thats where the bill of rights came in. It was about states vs the feds. It is no accident that it is CONGRESS that shall make no law regarding....., states didnt even need to have a congress if they dont want to.

Then you agree that federally, we are not a Christian nation and never were. Sure, there may be states that have a majority of Christian citizens, but none of them are declared as Christian states.

Even if they did, that does not make us a Christian nation.

Dont forget, we are discussing how things were in circa 1776. Those who claim we were not founded as a Christian nation have to do many mind bending gymnastics to get there.
They have to ignore some things. like STATES establising their own religions
They have to distort others,
they have to take things out of context,
they have to take things as they are today to try and prove original intent.
No, it is the Religious Right who have been destorting the facts. Our Founding Fathers were trying to ensure that our federal government would never become a dictatorship, especially one that would use religion to oppress, as the Catholic Church did in Europe.
 
Then you agree that federally, we are not a Christian nation and never were. Sure, there may be states that have a majority of Christian citizens, but none of them are declared as Christian states.

Even if they did, that does not make us a Christian nation.

No, it is the Religious Right who have been destorting the facts. Our Founding Fathers were trying to ensure that our federal government would never become a dictatorship, especially one that would use religion to oppress, as the Catholic Church did in Europe.

Federally we are not a Christian nation" is irrelevant. At the state level, Christianity was recognized as the official State religions of many of the States, hence our country was basically a Christian nation. It certainly wasnt secular, when the States had OFFICAL STATE SANCTIONED RELIGIONS, it certainly wasnt Jewish, Muslim, Buddist, or any other religion. SO, where does that leave us?

What would have to have been done to prove we are a Christian nation? I dont think any such thing exists in the minds of those who wish to rewrite history and try to eliminate religion and Christianity in particular from our society, culture and laws.

But factually, we are a Christian nation.

Our freedoms are based on religion, as stated in the DOI.
Our laws are based in Christianity, as you would undoubtly know that laws such as bankruptcy laws are based on OT laws, "seven years"??

Our culture is based on Christianity, the President is sworn in on a Christian Bible. The ten comandments is in the building housing the supreme court. References, statues, names of places and buildings are ripe with Christianity.

Our society was and still is, based on Christianity, the numbers who attend Church regularly or occasionally, or state a belief in Christianity, are overwhelming.

The sabbath is recognized by the Muslims as being on Friday, the Jews on Saturday, and ONLY THE CHRISTIANS recognize it on Sunday. Our stores (until recently), our govt institutions and many others aspects of our society are shut down on Sundays, that is no accident.

You can come up with as many references lacking, or stating against our country as being Christian, but you have to IGNORE too much of our history and current society, to believe we are not a Christian nation.
 
That isn't "terrorism".. :rofl:

Go... do some reading... learn some things. It might help you...

or not. :eusa_hand: :cuckoo:

Saying Saddam wasnt terrorizing the Iraqis is like saying Jesus wasnt teaching Christianity. You are clueless.
 

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