Perhaps the most well-known early evidence of Purim costumes comes from a 15th century Italian text written by Rabbi Yehuda Mintz (aka Judah Minz) of Padua, who determined that dressing in costume on Purim (even as the opposite gender) was permitted as part of the happy and fun spirit of the holiday.
While this specific custom may be relatively "modern", costumes certainly play a pretty significant role in the ancient story of Esther (read on Purim tonight and tomorrow), as well as in this week's Torah portion, "Tetzaveh", which deals largely with the ornate clothing worn by the ancient Israelite priests, "holy garments… for splendor and for glory."
When Queen Esther gets ready to ask King Akhashverosh (Ahasuerus) to save the Jewish people, she "clothed herself regally," and it seemed to pay off!
Later, in the memorable scene in which Mordecai is finally rewarded for having saved the king's life, the evil Haman is ordered to dress Mordecai in royal garments and declare, "So shall be done to the man whom the king wishes to honor!"
These images of the splendorous Queen Esther's coronation and appearance before the king come from a stunning 17th century Esther Scroll (megillah) from Ferrara, Italy (not too far from Padua), now part of the National Library of Israel's collection in Jerusalem.
To read more about it and see the whole thing:
https://tinyurl.com/662ue6rk
Happy Purim and Shabbat Shalom from ancient Shushan via Renaissance Italy and present-day Jerusalem!