Voting Rights Act.
Section 5 of the Act requires that the United States Department of Justice, through an administrative procedure, or a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, through a declaratory judgment action "preclear" any attempt to change “any voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting..." in any "covered jurisdiction."[
Voting Rights Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It would seem to me that even if a state passes such "qualification" laws they still must preclear them under the VRA before they are allowed to be put into practice. As to the "costs" of I.D.'s it would seem to me that many if not all states allow no cost ID's for those that cannot afford them and for Seniors and the disabled. I know that Arizona has such a provision at the MVD. Further, if someone in the year 2011 doesn't have a valid BC or is unable to obtain one, in many states there are alternate forms of ID that are allowed as well.
Any two of those
•Utility bill dated within 90 days of the date of the election. A utility bill may be for electric, gas, water, solid waste, sewer, telephone, cellular phone, or cable television
•Bank or credit union statement that is dated within 90 days of the date of the election
•Valid Arizona Vehicle Registration
•Indian census card
•Property tax statement of the person's residence
•Tribal enrollment card or other form of tribal identification
•Vehicle insurance card
•Valid United States federal, state, or local government issued identification
•Voter Registration Card / Recorder's Certification
•Any "Official Election Material" mailing bearing your name and address
Voter ID in Arizona - Identification Requirements for Voting in Arizona Elections
Again, if these ID law's are as many say they are, and indeed interfere with a person's right to vote then it WON'T get precleared under the VRA and will be struck down pretty quickly.