Correct!
The English word "Jew" did not exist before the Talmud was written.
There were Monotheists in Palestine who practices circumcision, but Herodotus did not know that they were Jews.
Herodotus lived in the 5th century BCE, and he did not know anything about Jews.
He knew that there were Syrians in Palestine who practised circumcision, but he did not call them Jews.
Ergo.
There were no Jews in the 5th century BCE, the "Jewish history" was invented by crazy Monotheists who lived outside of Palestine after Romans expelled them from this Roman province.
Incorrect! Another Jew hater spinning garbage and bullshit.
Jew (word)
This article is about the English word
Jew. For the Jewish people, see
Jews.
The term
Jew passed into the English language from the Greek
Ioudaios and Latin
Iudaeus, from which the
Old French giu was derived after dropping the letter "d", and later after a variety of forms found in early English (from about the year 1000) such as: Iudea, Gyu, Giu, Iuu, Iuw, Iew developed into the English word “Jew.” It thus ultimately originates in the
Biblical Hebrew word
Yehudi meaning "from the
Tribe of Judah", "from the
Kingdom of Judah", or "
Jew".
EtymologyEdit
Hasmonean coin of
John Hyrcanus (134 to 104 BCE) with the inscription
"Hayehudim" (of the
Jews).
Obv: Double cornucopia.
Rev: Five lines of ancient Hebrew script; reading
"Yehochanan Kohen Gadol, Chever Hayehudim"(Yehochanan the
High Priest, Council of the
Jews.
The
Jewish ethnonym in
Hebrew is יהודים
Yehudim (plural of יהודי
Yehudi) which is the origin of the English word
Jew. The Hebrew name is derived from the region name
Judah(
Yehudah יהודה).
Originally the name referred to the territory allotted to the
tribedescended from
Judah the fourth son of the patriarch
Jacob (
Numbers). According to the
Hebrew Bible Judah was one of the twelve sons of
Jacob and one of the
Twelve tribes of Israel (
Genesis).
Genesis 29:35
[1] relates that Judah's mother — the matriarch
Leah — named him
Yehudah (i.e. "Judah") because she wanted to "praise God" for giving birth to so many sons: "She said, 'This time let me praise (
odehאודה) God (יהוה),' and named the child Judah (
Yehudahיהודה)", thus combining "praise" and "God" into one new name.[
citation needed] In
Hebrew, the name "Judah" (
י ה ו [ד]
ה) contains the four letters of the
Tetragrammaton — the special, holy, and ineffable name of the
Jewish God. The very holiness of the name of Judah attests to its importance as an alternate name for "
Israelites" that it ultimately replaces.[
citation needed]
Yehudi in the Hebrew BibleEdit
The term
Yehudi occurs 74 times in the
Masoretic textof the Hebrew Bible. The plural,
Yehudim, debuts in 2 Kings 16:6
[2], and in 2 Chronicles 32:18. In Jeremiah 34:9 we find the earliest singular usage of the word
Yehudi, "Jew" being used, though The name appears in the Bible in a verb form, in
Esther 8:17
[3][
unreliable source?] which states, "Many of the people of the land
mityahadim (became Yehudim/Judeans/Jews) because the fear of the Yehudim fell on them." Also in
Esther2:5-6, we find that the name "Jew" is given to a man from the
tribe of Benjamin:
[4][
unreliable source?] "There was a man a
Yehudi (Judean/Jewish man) in
Shushanthe capital, whose name was
Mordecai the son of Jair the son of
Shimei the son of
Kish, a
Benjamite; who had been exiled from
Jerusalem with the exile that was exiled with
Jeconiah, king of
Judah, which
Nebuchadnezzar, king of
Babylon, had exiled."
Development in European languagesEdit
Main article:
Ioudaios
The
Middle English word
Jew derives from
Old Englishwhere the word is attested as early as 1000 in various forms, such as
Iudeas,
Gyu,
Giu,
Iuu,
Iuw,
Iew. These terms derive from
Old French giu, earlier
juieu, which had
elided (dropped) the letter "d" from the
Medieval Latin Iudaeus, which, like the
New Testament Greekterm
Ioudaios, meant both
Jews and
Judeans / "of Judea".
However, most other European languages retained the letter "d" in the word for Jew, and in a number of languages, including
modern Hebrew and
modern standard Arabic, the same word is still used to mean both Jews and Judeans / "of Judea".
Ancient terminologyEdit
MonarchyEdit
The
kingdom of Judah appears in red in this map of ancient Israel around 900 BCE (The text is in Catalan).
After the splitting of the united Kingdom of Israel and Judah, the name
Yehudi was used for the southern
kingdom of Judah, containing not only the land of the
tribe of Judahbut also that of
Benjamin and
Simeon, along with some of the cities of the
Levites.
With the destruction of the northern
kingdom of Israel, the kingdom of Judah became the sole Jewish state and the term
y'hudi (יהודי) was applied to all Israelites. When the word makes its first appearance in writing (in the book of Esther) its meaning has already expanded to include converts to the Jewish religion as well as descendants of Israelites.
Late AntiquityEdit
In the Septuagint and other Greek documents the word "Jew" (
ioudaois) occurs frequently.
In some places in the
Talmud the word
Israel(ite) refers to somebody who is Jewish but does not necessarily practice
Judaism as a
religion: "An Israel(ite) even though he has sinned is still an Israel(ite)" (Tractate
Sanhedrin 44a). More commonly the Talmud uses the term
Bnei Yisrael, i.e. "Children of Israel", ("Israel" being the name of the third patriarch
Jacob, father of the sons that would form the twelve tribes of Israel, which he was given and took after wrestling with an angel, see
Genesis 32:28-29
[5]) to refer to Jews. According to the Talmud then, there is no distinction between "religious Jews" and "secular Jews."