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A particularly informative answer at Quora.com which has a meritocratic system of up-voting, very popular. I've found better-explained answers to a broad range of questions at Quora than some academic websites. Good answers link to sources which back up factual assertions.
Best Quora Answer: Were the laws of thermodynamics broken on 9/11 in addition to the laws of physics? | 9/11 Truth | Pinterest
Were the laws of thermodynamics broken on 9/11 in addition to the laws of physics?
Yes the official story violates the laws of thermodynamics. If you assumed that all 10,000 gallons of jet fuel - which is only kerosene - spilled into the towers - and that every bit of office furniture was on fire, you still wouldn’t have enough heat-energy to get any significant portion of the tower steel much higher 600F. NIST did not find any samples of steel which reached more than about 500F. Steel is an excellent heat conductor, and the frames were a giant heat sink which wicked heat away from the impact zones.
You might have pockets of air at 1,000F - 1,200F, or higher, for a few seconds prior to “flashover,” which is a sudden combustion of gases. But even if steel is at 50% strength, which happens at around 1,000F, skyscrapers are made with a five-times maximum load safety factor, meaning at this load you begin to get buckling and partial failures, more creaking and sagging over a period of time, never a sudden disappearance of the whole structure.
The plane hit damage was negligible to the towers which were 2,000 times an airliner’s weight, steel vs. aluminum. A fully loaded 767 weighs 200 tons. Each tower weighed 450,000 tons, one quarter of that the steel frame. Think of how much you can load up on a 50 pound barbell bar at the gym. Easily 500 pounds without bending, 10 times the weight of the bar. Steel is very strong. The hollow aluminum tubes of the airplanes were shredded like aluminum cans fired at an anvil. The towers were earthquake-proof and already built for plane hits according to building code, since a bomber accidentally hit the Empire State Building in 1945. They were built to stay standing even with half or more of the main vertical support columns cut at the base.
It is impossible to get steel to forgery temperatures, meaning 2,000F - to 2,600F, with only an open air supply. Air needs to be mechanically forced into a burn in order for steel to become malleable. Such as a bellows or the air pump in a blast furnace, which is how it gets its name, it “blasts” air into the coal or other fuel. You could pour kerosene (which is what airliner fuel is, called Jet A) on an I-beam all day long and burn it, and you’ll just get an I-beam that’s too hot to touch. Carbon steel starts to glow red at 1,100F, and melts at 2,600F. You can easily get your woodstove to 1,000F, and there is no danger of it suddenly dribbling into the ground.
Steel is forged at about 2,200F, and still requires significant force to bend. At high temperatures steel is mushy like clay. That is why the behavior of the towers on 9/11 is so suspicious. You didn’t see a slow, long sagging to the ground. The towers suddenly, literally, blew themselves apart. There were chunks of frame a football field away. Most of the frame was not twisted or heat-deformed. It was in nice, straight pieces.
Almost all of the steel below the impact zones was strong and intact. Firefighters in the South Tower radioed that the fires were almost out on the 78th floor, where they were, which was the impact zone of the second plane.
In the end it is important to understand that open air fires can twist, deform, and cause steel to buckle, but not to the point of total failure of all structural components simultaneously. That requires a pre-wired demolition. The tower destruction line accelerated toward the ground at the same speed as a falling rock. That is impossible and violates the laws of thermodynamics, as well as the laws of physics. It violates the laws of physics because any falling mass that meets resistance goes slower than free fall acceleration. The lower intact towers, even if very hot, would have offered enormous resistance. Steel skyscrapers have burned, fully engulfed, like torches for over 20 hours and never collapsed.
The idea that the the top one-fourth of each tower suddenly crushed the lower, heavier and stronger three-quarters, in mere seconds is laughable cartoon physics. A few floors falling would not suddenly crush everything beneath it without a lot of help. When you combine this with clear evidence of explosives, such as both reacted and unreacted nanothermite in the dust, the molten pools of steel in the basements, the blown out windows across the WTC complex, the collapse of WTC7 which was not even hit by a plane, and other evidence, and it becomes clear that the official is a farce intended to push the US into war. For more info go to Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth.
Close up of tower destruction
Best Quora Answer: Were the laws of thermodynamics broken on 9/11 in addition to the laws of physics? | 9/11 Truth | Pinterest
Were the laws of thermodynamics broken on 9/11 in addition to the laws of physics?
Yes the official story violates the laws of thermodynamics. If you assumed that all 10,000 gallons of jet fuel - which is only kerosene - spilled into the towers - and that every bit of office furniture was on fire, you still wouldn’t have enough heat-energy to get any significant portion of the tower steel much higher 600F. NIST did not find any samples of steel which reached more than about 500F. Steel is an excellent heat conductor, and the frames were a giant heat sink which wicked heat away from the impact zones.
You might have pockets of air at 1,000F - 1,200F, or higher, for a few seconds prior to “flashover,” which is a sudden combustion of gases. But even if steel is at 50% strength, which happens at around 1,000F, skyscrapers are made with a five-times maximum load safety factor, meaning at this load you begin to get buckling and partial failures, more creaking and sagging over a period of time, never a sudden disappearance of the whole structure.
The plane hit damage was negligible to the towers which were 2,000 times an airliner’s weight, steel vs. aluminum. A fully loaded 767 weighs 200 tons. Each tower weighed 450,000 tons, one quarter of that the steel frame. Think of how much you can load up on a 50 pound barbell bar at the gym. Easily 500 pounds without bending, 10 times the weight of the bar. Steel is very strong. The hollow aluminum tubes of the airplanes were shredded like aluminum cans fired at an anvil. The towers were earthquake-proof and already built for plane hits according to building code, since a bomber accidentally hit the Empire State Building in 1945. They were built to stay standing even with half or more of the main vertical support columns cut at the base.
It is impossible to get steel to forgery temperatures, meaning 2,000F - to 2,600F, with only an open air supply. Air needs to be mechanically forced into a burn in order for steel to become malleable. Such as a bellows or the air pump in a blast furnace, which is how it gets its name, it “blasts” air into the coal or other fuel. You could pour kerosene (which is what airliner fuel is, called Jet A) on an I-beam all day long and burn it, and you’ll just get an I-beam that’s too hot to touch. Carbon steel starts to glow red at 1,100F, and melts at 2,600F. You can easily get your woodstove to 1,000F, and there is no danger of it suddenly dribbling into the ground.
Steel is forged at about 2,200F, and still requires significant force to bend. At high temperatures steel is mushy like clay. That is why the behavior of the towers on 9/11 is so suspicious. You didn’t see a slow, long sagging to the ground. The towers suddenly, literally, blew themselves apart. There were chunks of frame a football field away. Most of the frame was not twisted or heat-deformed. It was in nice, straight pieces.
Almost all of the steel below the impact zones was strong and intact. Firefighters in the South Tower radioed that the fires were almost out on the 78th floor, where they were, which was the impact zone of the second plane.
In the end it is important to understand that open air fires can twist, deform, and cause steel to buckle, but not to the point of total failure of all structural components simultaneously. That requires a pre-wired demolition. The tower destruction line accelerated toward the ground at the same speed as a falling rock. That is impossible and violates the laws of thermodynamics, as well as the laws of physics. It violates the laws of physics because any falling mass that meets resistance goes slower than free fall acceleration. The lower intact towers, even if very hot, would have offered enormous resistance. Steel skyscrapers have burned, fully engulfed, like torches for over 20 hours and never collapsed.
The idea that the the top one-fourth of each tower suddenly crushed the lower, heavier and stronger three-quarters, in mere seconds is laughable cartoon physics. A few floors falling would not suddenly crush everything beneath it without a lot of help. When you combine this with clear evidence of explosives, such as both reacted and unreacted nanothermite in the dust, the molten pools of steel in the basements, the blown out windows across the WTC complex, the collapse of WTC7 which was not even hit by a plane, and other evidence, and it becomes clear that the official is a farce intended to push the US into war. For more info go to Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth.
Close up of tower destruction
