Good grief! Did no one here take English in high school? Did you get as far as high school?
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
The Gapping Comma
The gapping comma is very easy. We use a gapping comma to show that one or more words have been left out when the missing words would simply repeat the words already used earlier in the same sentence. Here is an example:
Some Norwegians wanted to base their national language on the speech of the capital city; others, on the speech of the rural countryside.
The gapping comma here shows that the words
wanted to base their national language, which might have been repeated, have instead been omitted. This sentence is equivalent to a longer sentence like this:
Some Norwegians wanted to base their national language on the speech of the capital city; others wanted to base it on the speech of the rural countryside.
Here is another example, which contains both listing commas and gapping commas:
Italy is famous for her composers and musicians, France, for her chefs and philosophers, and Poland, for her mathematicians and logicians.
(Here I have inserted a listing comma before
and for the sake of clarity.)
Gapping commas are not always strictly necessary: you can leave them out if the sentence is perfectly clear without them:
Italy is famous for her composers and musicians, France for her chefs and philosophers, and Poland for her mathematicians and logicians.
The Gapping Comma : The Comma
In the case of our Constitution, the commas are essential in making the Amendment perfectly clear as it loses meaning without their use.