Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

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As will be shown, this author has important COVID-19 information. In the authopr's report 1), the name of the drug is not mentioned. The author's report 2) is the important information:

1) 29 Jul 2020 UMBC Chemist Hopes 10-Year-Old-Drug Can Help Those Infected with Coronavirus

UMBC chemist hopes 10-year-old drug can help those infected with coronavirus

2) Jul 2020 Nature Why Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Does Not Block Coronavirus Infection of Human Lung Cells

Why hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine don't block coronavirus infection of human lung cells

The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work. The big ideaA paper came out in Nature on July 22 that further underscores earlier studies that show that neither the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine nor chloroquine prevents SARS-CoV-2 – the virus that causes COVID-19 – from...

www.news.yahoo.com

'....need an enzyme called cathepsin L for the virus to successfully infect them....In human lung cells, which have very low levels of cathepsin L enzyme, the virus uses TMPRSS2 to enter the cell. But because this enzyme is not controlled by acidity, neither hydroxychloroquine nor chloroquine can block SARS-CoV-2 from infecting the lungs or stop the virus from replicating.

The author of 1) & 2) is Seley-Radtke, President Elect of the International Society for Antiviral Research.

 

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It is not yet December, 2020, although the following report is dated December, 2020:
Dec 2020 / TMPRSS2 / Multiple Animal Species/ Bat Sars-Like Virus WIV1 (Beijing, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Pennsylvania and Western University, London, Canada)

Bat SARS-Like WIV1 coronavirus uses the ACE2 of multiple animal species as receptor and evades IFITM3 restriction via TMPRSS2 activation of membrane fusion - PubMed

Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have been identified from bats and other animal species. Like SARS-CoV, some bat SL-CoVs, such as WIV1, also use angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from human and bat as entry receptor. However, whether these viruses can also use the ACE2 of other...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

We mentioned Blumberg on 19 Feb 2020 in post #470: 'transformation of human breast epithelial cells by estrogens and chemical carcinogens.' Also in post #771 on 19 Jul 2020 for the Blumberg Foundation in conjunction with Western University in Canada: 'GILT' In the same post is the GILT connection to Wuhan, and this time it's for the other suspected turtle intermediate host: 'Pelodiscus....GILT.'

Thus GILT is the linking enzyme to TMPRSS2 in multiple animal species for the WIV1 bat virus, as well as the alternate route COVID-19 takes in human lung cells.

 

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This is how a COVID-19 reservoir could get established in nature, because both suspected intermediate COVID-19 hosts occur in Alltoona Lake: Cheremys and Pelodiscus. Camp High Harbor is on Alltoona Lake. Did the swimmers give the virus to any turtles?

Over 250 Campers And Staffers Test Positive For COVID-19 At Georgia Camp

Massive COVID-19 outbreak at Georgia summer camp confirmed by CDC As the country debates whether it’s possible to reopen schools this fall, the latest report of a mass COVID-19 spread at a summer camp is making in-person classroom instruction seem anything but possible. According to a new CDC...

www.yahoo.com

 

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The soft-shelled turtle at Alltoona Lake is Apalone ferox, not Pelodiscus.

Apalone ferox / Cheremys picta

Effects of temperature and aquatic P(O2) on the physiology and behaviour of Apalone ferox and Chrysemys picta - PubMed

Softshell turtles overwinter in the same bodies of water as some emydids, but their reduced shell and increased non-pulmonary gas exchange may contribute to a different mechanism of overwintering. The dynamics of bimodal respiration, diving behaviour and blood acid-base status in Apalone ferox...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....obtained more oxygen through non-pulmonary routes.'

 

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Gold's White Paper we link to Cinchona:

Gold's White Paper

White Paper on HCQ 2020.2.pdf

www.drive.google.com

We've mentioned procyanidins in this thread for stabilizing cardiac rhythm, etc.

Madagascan Cinchona / Anthocyans

[The leaves of 2 Madagascan cinchonas (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens and C. succirubra Pavon). Particular study of polyphenols (phenolic acids, anthocyans and flavonoids)] - PubMed

[The leaves of 2 Madagascan cinchonas (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens and C. succirubra Pavon). Particular study of polyphenols (phenolic acids, anthocyans and flavonoids)]

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cinchona Alkaloids / Quinidine

Dimeric Cinchona alkaloids - PubMed

Nature is full of dimeric alkaloids of various types from many plant families, some of them with interesting biological properties. However, dimeric Cinchona alkaloids were not isolated from any species but were products of designed partial chemical synthesis. Although the Cinchona bark is...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hydroquinine / Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Asymmetric synthesis of an N-acylpyrrolidine for inhibition of HCV polymerase - PubMed

A practical asymmetric synthesis of a highly substituted N-acylpyrrolidine on multi-kilogram scale is described. The key step in the construction of the three stereocenters is a [3+2] cycloaddition of methyl acrylate and an imino ester prepared from l-leucine t-butyl ester hydrochloride and...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

HCV / Porphyria Cutanea Tarda / Liver Iron

Hepatitis C, porphyria cutanea tarda and liver iron: an update - PubMed

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common form of porphyria across the world. Unlike other forms of porphyria, which are inborn errors of metabolism, PCT is usually an acquired liver disease caused by exogenous factors, chief among which are excess alcohol intake, iron overload, chronic...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jul 2018 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda / Lupus

The devil's in the dosing: severe drug-induced liver injury in a hydroxychloroquine-naive patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and porphyria cutanea tarda - PubMed

A 29-year-old woman with a 1.5 year history of photosensitive skin lesions on her hands presented with a malar rash, bullous lesions on her hands, and was diagnosed with subacute lupus erythematosus after serologies revealed a positive antinuclear antibody test (1:2560), and antibodies to Ro/SSA...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Autoimmunity and HCV Infection in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Autoimmunity and HCV infection in porphyria cutanea tarda: a controlled study - PubMed

Autoimmunity and high rates of autoantibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda. These abnormalities could be in part virus-induced, since porphyria cutanea tarda in most geographical regions is highly associated with hepatitis C virus infection. We analyzed the...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

Neither Snake Nor Turtle

We must close out the investigations implicating snake and turtle as intermediate host of Covid-19, because the trajectory leads elsewhere:

Ap 2020

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein favors ACE2 from Bovidae and Cricetidae - PubMed

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the recent COVID-19 public health crisis. Bat is the widely believed original host of SARS-CoV-2. However, its intermediate host before transmitting to humans is not clear. Some studies proposed pangolin, snake, or turtle as the...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'On the basis of the structure of hACE2 with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 S and ACE2 from Bos taurus, Cricetulus griseus, Pelodiscus sinensis and Ophiophagus hannah were simulated by Swiss Model online server 13 and analyzed by Chimera software....T82 and E30 in Bos taurus ACE2 kept the contact to F486 and K417 in SARS-CoV-2 S. N82 and Q34 in Cricetulus griseus ACE2 maintained contact to F486 and Y453 in SARS-CoV-2 S. We concluded that Bovidae and Cricetidae ACE2 could associate with SARS-CoV-2....We simulated the potential structure of turtle/snake ACE2 with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. The amino acids correlated with hACE2 Q42 is changed to A (A41) in a snake. When the contact amino acid was mutated to smaller amino acid (A), the contact force for protein-protein interaction will be decreased. Moreover, the corresponding amino acid of K31 was changed to E (E30) in turtle and Q (Q57) in snake ACE2. K31 in hACE2 was critical for SARS-CoV RBD binding and ACE2-K31 D mutant abolished its association with SARS-CoV RBD. Taken together, turtle and snake ACE2 are unlikely to bind to S protein of SARS-CoV-2....'

 

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Neither Snake nor Turtle, continued

'Considering that all known hosts for coronaviruses are thermostatic animals, it is unlikely that reptiles will be infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are 20 key amino acids in ACE2 from a list of mammal, bird, turtle and snake. On the basis of these 20 amino acids, we analyzed the corresponding AAs from a list of mammal, bird, turtle and snake. We found that the ACE2 of turtles and snake lost the capability to associate with S protein. These reptiles should be ruled out from the potential list for SARS-CoV-2. Aves ACE2 was unlikely to associate with SARS-CoV RBD because they lost the critical K corresponding to K31 in human ACE2.

Pangolin ACE2 was predicted to recognize SARS-CoV-2 RBD less efficiently because it only preserved 14 of 20 critical amino acids. Interestingly, we found that ACE2 proteins from Primates, Bovidae, Cricetidae, and Cetacea were capable of recognizing RBD of SARS-CoV-2 by maintaining the majority of key residues in ACE2 for associating with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Swine ACE2 (CpACE2) with 15 of 20m matched critical amino acids was shown to support SARS-CoV-2 entry. Bovidae/Cricetidae ACE2 matched more amino acids than swine ACE2, thus they should recognize SARS-CoV RBD.'

 

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Neither Snake nor Turtle, continued

'On the basis of hACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike complex, we and others recently predicted that hamster ACE2 could associate with SARS-CoV-2 and hamster might be a candidate small animal model to study the pathogenesis and transmission of COVID-19. Of one Cetacea, Neophocaena asiaorientalis asiaorientalis (Yangtze finless porpoise), lives in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its lakes, where Wuhan is located nearby. It will be interesting to investigate whether Yangtze finless porpoise could be infected with SARS-CoV-2 or related coronaviruses....More attention should be paid to Bovidae and Cricetidae in hunting the potential intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2.'

As will be shown, Neophocaena enzymes will link back to the Baruch S. Blumberg Foundation mentioned in previous posts.

 

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From Jul 2020, SARS-CoV-2 links GILT at the Blumberg Foundation, post #771:

Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) blockade was mentioned in post #756 for maximakinin from the Chinese Red Belly toad, Bombina maxima. Ace blockade is also from the venom of Bothrops jararaca, which interesting history is here: Snakes and Hypertension...

www.usmessageboard.com

From Dec 2013, Neophocaena links GILT, and note the 3 N-glycosylation sites:
Neophcaena GILT

Isolation of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) from the Yangtze finless porpoise - PubMed

In this study, we isolated the cDNA of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), which is critical for innate immune regulation, from the Yangtze finless porpoise (FpGILT). This gene encoded a protein with 244 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 28 kDa. The amino...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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The Neophocaena 2013 article for GILT is from Volume 41 issue 4, and is for sale at $35. In the same volume and also for sale, is a Ctenopharyngodon (grass carp) article on interferon: 'Gig1 and Gig2 Homologs from Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Display Good Antiviral Activities in an IFN-Independent Pathway.'

We mentioned the Ctenopharyngodon article from Wuhan in post #757 of 17 Jul 2020, which is also a t-bet/zinc-finger link. A t-bet link for COVID-19 is here:

Dominant extrafollicular B cell responses in severe COVID-19 disease correlate with robust viral-specific antibody production but poor clinical outcomes - PubMed

A wide clinical spectrum has become a hallmark of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, although its immunologic underpinnings remain to be defined. We have performed deep characterization of B cell responses through high-dimensional flow cytometry to reveal substantial heterogeneity in both...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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On the cutaneous trajectory, we note a study from Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology:

Neophocaena Herpes-Like Skin Lesions / Ulceration / Dongting Lake

Herpes-like virus infection in Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides): pathology, ultrastructure and molecular analysis - PubMed

A moribund juvenile Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) with skin lesions and ulceration was found in Dongting Lake, China. Pathologic examination, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction of liver tissue revealed widely distributed necrotic lesions, sinusoidal...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Next we link gammaherpesvirus mucocutaneous lesions to Phocaena:

Identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus associated with (muco)cutaneous lesions in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) - PubMed

Herpesviruses infect a wide range of vertebrates, including toothed whales of the order Cetacea. One of the smallest toothed whales is the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), which is widespread in the coastal waters of the northern hemisphere, including the North Sea. Here, we describe the...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Linking the mucocutaneous symptom to COVID-19 and Kawasaki Syndrome, Jul 2020:

COVID-19 and Kawasaki syndrome: should we really be surprised? - PubMed

A hyperinflammatory response to COVID-19 is being described in children. While this presents, and responds to management, similar to that of Kawasaki Disease it is being coined a new entity. But is it really? We explore how this phenomenon may be Kawasaki Disease with a new trigger.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

From Jul 2020 study, we link COVID-19/Kawasaki to delayed reaction in Italian children, which links the porphyria cutanea tarda of post #845:

Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review - PubMed

COVID-19 had a great impact on medical approaches among dermatologist. This systematic review focuses on all skin problems related to COVID-19, including primary and secondary COVID-related cutaneous presentations and the experts recommendations about dermatological managements especially...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Aug 2020 A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children

SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kawasaki-Like Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children - PubMed

We describe 2 children with persistent fever and profuse diarrhea who developed signs of mucocutaneous involvement (conjunctivitis, fissured lips, skin rash, erythema, and edema of the hands and feet). Blood tests revealed elevated markers of inflammation, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....conjunctivitis....myocardial dysfunction....delayed reaction....'

Post #845

Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

As will be shown, this author has important COVID-19 information. In the authopr's report 1), the name of the drug is not mentioned. The author's report 2) is the important information: 1) 29 Jul 2020 UMBC Chemist Hopes 10-Year-Old-Drug Can Help Those Infected with Coronavirus...

www.usmessageboard.com

 

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Lungworms can vector viruses.

Neophycaena Lungworm

Potential association between exposure to legacy persistent organic pollutants and parasitic body burdens in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises from the Pearl River Estuary, China - PubMed

A high prevalence of infectious diseases (mostly lungworms) is found in finless porpoises (genus Neophocaena) in the coastal waters of China, which is one of the most dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-polluted areas worldwide, while its association with contaminant exposure remains...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....high prevalence (mostly lungworms) is found in finless porpoises (genus Neophocaena)....'

Transmission of Lungworms by Harbor Porpoises

Transmission of lungworms of harbour porpoises and harbour seals: molecular tools determine potential vertebrate intermediate hosts - PubMed

Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from German waters are infected by six species of lungworms (Metastrongyloidea). These nematodes parasitise the respiratory tract, are pathogenic and often cause secondary bacterial infections. In spite of their clinical...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Swine Lungworm / Influenza Virus Intermediate Host

THE SWINE LUNGWORM AS A RESERVOIR AND INTERMEDIATE HOST FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS : II. THE TRANSMISSION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS BY THE SWINE LUNGWORM - PubMed

1. The swine lungworm can serve as intermediate host in transmitting swine influenza virus to swine. The virus is present in a masked non-infective form in the lungworm, however, and, to induce infection, must be rendered active by the application of a provocative stimulus to the swine it...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

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The first OP for Kawasaki's disease was Dalia on 30 Ap 2020:

At least 12 UK children have needed intensive care due to illness (Kawasaki) linked to Covid-19

Patients may have new type of toxic shock syndrome, which causes pain and inflammation. More than a dozen children have fallen ill with a new and potentially fatal combination of symptoms apparently linked to Covid-19, including a sore stomach and heart problems. Most of the children affected...

www.usmessageboard.com

The second OP for Kawasaki's was Marianne on 11 May 2020:

https://www.usmessageboard.com/threads/if-you-have-kid-or-grandkids-covid-related-kawasaki.823063/

We mentioned Kawasaki's in relation to cutaneous symptoms in a suspected COVID-19 intermediate host, Neophocaena in post #851.

We follow the dialogue between two medical personnel:

COVID-19 Abnormal Clotting with Severe Disease

COVID-19 Abnormal Clotting with Severe disease

Endothelial damage and subsequent clotting is common in severe disease. In China, this has been anecdotally seen and treated with anticoagulation. Please share any experience.

community.sccm.org

'A: "Autopsy showed massive clotting in the lungs but pulmonary membranes basically normal. This would suggest perfusion problem as opposed to ventilation in the lung. Teenagers with COVID have redness and blisters on their toes consistent with trash toe we see in peripheral vascular disease patients. The problem we are fighting is the clotting."

B: "Could the redness and blisters on toes be due to the newest symptoms in teens and younger similar to Kawasaki's? Rather than just peripheral vascular disease. Pediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Potentially Associated with COVID-19."

Unpacking the new multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) - Boston Children's Answers

Unpacking the recent alerts about multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C, a rare post-COVID-19 complication.

discoveries.childrenshospital.org

'

 

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The Boston Children's Hospital article, above, states:

'The US cases to date have been mainly in East Coast cities with some in Midwest and South. Of note, an uptick has not been observed on the West Coast, or in Japan or Korea, where different strains of SARS-CoV-2 is believed to predominate....children rarely become critically ill from COVID-19 or from MIS-C.'

In posts #773/774 of this thread, enhanced transmission strains were recorded, geographically stating that....'the A23403G-C14408T-G25563T mutant became the dominant strain in New York and parts of California....We postulated that in areas with these high co-circulating subclades, a person may be serially infected. The second infection may trigger a hyperinflammatory response similar to the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) response, which could explain the ARDS-like manifestations.'

 

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Only one of Putin's daughters is a Japanese philologist. She may be waiting in the wings as a diplomat.

Russian Vaccine

‘World’s First’ Coronavirus Vaccine: What We Know So Far About Russian Injection - The Moscow Times

Russia has become the first country to approve a vaccine against the coronavirus, President Vladimir Putin said Tuesday despite widespread concerns about its safety.

www.themoscowtimes.com

'....Putin said Tuesday that one of his daughters, whose identity he has neither confirmed nor denied to date, has already taken the vaccine. He said the only side effect she experienced was a high temperature of 38C for one day.'

Today at Izvestia

Stalo izvestno nazvanie rossiiskoi vaktsiny ot koronavirusa
The Name of the Russian Vaccine Against Coronavirus
'....11 Augusta vaktsinu na osnove ade novirusnogo vektora zaregistrirovali v Ministerstve edravookhraneniia Rossii, ona stala nervoi zaregistrirovannoi vaktsinoi ot novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii SARS-CoV-2 na rynke.
On August 11, the vaccine based on the adenovirus vector was registered with the Russian Ministry of Health. It was the first registered vaccine for the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection on the market.

Prezident Rossii Vladimir Putin vyrazil nadezhdu, chto massovyi vypusk preparata nachnetsia v blizhaishee vremia, a takzhe podcherknul, chto vaktsinatsiia polzhna provodit'sia na pobrovol'noi osnove.
Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed hope that mass production of the vaccine will begin soon, and stressed that vaccination should be carried out on a voluntary basis.

25 iiulia federalnyi nauchnyi tsentr issledovanii i razrabotki immunobiologicheskikh preparatov imeni Chumakov RAN podal zaiavku na uchastie v mezhdunarodnom tendere VOZ na postavku vaktsiny ot koronavirusa.
On 25 Jul the Federal Research Center for the Research and Development of Immunological Drugs named Chumakov RAS applied for participation in an international tender for WHO to supply a vaccine against coronavirus.'

 

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From the Gamaleya Institute that has produced the first COVID-19 vaccine:

Chloroquine / Molecular Targets in the Chemotherapy of Coronavirus Infection

Molecular Targets in the Chemotherapy of Coronavirus Infection - PubMed

In the pathogenesis of the infectious process in the respiratory tract by SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 coronaviruses, two stages can be distinguished: early (etiotropic) and late (pathogenetic) ones. In the first stage, when the virus multiplication and accumulation are prevalent under insufficient...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

'....Betacoronaviruses Genes, Related proteins and Their Inhibitors....virion assembly: chloroquine; virus entry into target cells: chloroquine.

References

1. Recycling of Chloroquine and Its Hydroxyl Analog to Face Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections in the 21st Century

Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century - PubMed

Chloroquine (CQ) and its hydroxyl analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are weak bases with a half-century long use as antimalarial agents. Apart from this antimalarial activity, CQ and HCQ have gained interest in the field of other infectious diseases. One of the most interesting mechanisms of...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

2. Breakthrough: Chloroquine Phosphate Has Shown Apparent Efficacy in Treatment of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia in Clinical Studies

Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies - PubMed

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavoring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment in China. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

3. Chloroquine for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 - PubMed

Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[badger2]

Russian vaccine may be a plus for Trump, though a minus for Fauci and the Dems. Thank You, Russia.

 

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In post #856, the Gamaleya Institute study, "Molecular Targets in the Chemotherapy of Coronavirus Infection" stated: 'virion assembly: chloroquine, virus entry into cells: chloroquine.'

Fauci would likely know about hydroxychloroquine's use SARS coronavirus in 2005. The pertinent article that links him is from Virology Journal 2, article #69 (2005): "Chloroquine is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS Coronavirus Infection and Spread (22 Aug 2005). In that article, reference #25 is for anti-HIV chloroquine: 'Savarino A et al, Anti-HIV Effects of Chloroquine: Inhibition of Viral Particle Glycosylation and Synergism with Protease Inhibitors. Savarino et al, states elsewhere, 'The mechanism of the anti-HIV effects of Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine is a reduction in the infectivity of newly produced virions.'

This, then, links to the Gameleya Institute's similar finding for coronaviruses: 'virion assembly: chloroquine.'

 

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Here is some history of the Gamaleya Institute that has produced the COVID-19 vaccine:

Nikolay Gamaleya

Nikolay Gamaleya - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

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More information on the Russian vaccine, a mass campaign starts in October:

firstpost.com/health/putin-announces-first-registered-covid-19-vaccine-from-russias-gamaleya-institute-his-daughter-among-those-inoculated-8695031.thml