Without an Amendment to the Constitution barring people from voting based on taxation is Unconstitutional.
Now if you propose such an Amendment, guess what? The untaxed get to vote on it in every State.
There is nothing at all in the document to prevent people that do not pay taxes from voting. In fact such an effort would fail on legal grounds due to discrimination.
And can you imagine the Government entity that would have to exist to enforce such a law? We can not ask for ID now, how exactly do you expect to stop people from voting? Purge all the rolls and require everyone to re register?
And since the States register people to vote EACH individual State would need the same Government entity with access to EVERYONES IRS accounts. It would require Attorneys, accountants and law enforcement as well as just plain old Government employees.
All because someone is jealous that someone else did not pay any taxes.

I would add, since it's bound to come up, the reason States are allowed to deny convicted felons the right to vote (and not all do) is that denial of a right due to voluntary criminal behavior is not discrimination. Discrimination is government disparate treatment of groups based on class or status, not criminal activity.
Pragmatically, it'll never happen. It's simply not feasible. But leaving the practicality aside, it's both unconstitutional and illegal under Federal statute for States to deny anyone the right to vote due to financial status. Seems to me the OP is trying to find a way around that pesky ole 24th Amendment, which ended not only the poll tax but discrimination in voting based on payment of all taxes. Read the text.

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