Here you are drifting off into your fantasy world again. Israel was attacked by the PLO from southern Lebanon, you say with the approval of the Lebanese government, and Israel responded by pushing the PLO out of Lebanon to Tunisia. That's the whole story.
After the PLO was gone, saved by the US, Israel came under attack by Amal, a Shi'ite group that Ian funded but couldn't control, so Iran dropped its support of Amal and began funding Hezbollah, which it could control.
Why did iran switch from supporting amal to hezbollah?
AI Overview
Iran pivoted from supporting the secular, politically focused Amal movement to nurturing Hezbollah in the early 1980s primarily to export its Islamic Revolution, create a more ideologically aligned proxy, and establish a dedicated force to fight Israel and Western interests in Lebanon. Hezbollah provided unwavering allegiance to Iran's Supreme Leader, whereas Amal was more moderate and focused on Lebanese domestic politics. [
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Key Reasons for the Shift:
- Ideological Alignment: Unlike Amal, which had a secular orientation, Hezbollah was founded on Shia Islam, directly inspired by the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and adopted Khomeini’s ideology.
- Proxy Strategy: Following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Iran sought a dedicated, hardline proxy to operate in the Levant to counter Israel and target U.S./French interests.
- Revolutionary Export: Iran, through its Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), wanted a group that would aim for an Islamic state, rather than just representing Lebanese sectarian interests within the existing political system.
- Dissatisfaction with Amal: Amal, led by Nabih Berri, was seen as too moderate and, at times, allied with Syria, which had its own interests in Lebanon that sometimes conflicted with Iran’s. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
While Iran established Hezbollah, it did not entirely abandon Amal, resulting in a complex, managed rivalry where both groups are now part of a broader alliance with Tehran, though Hezbollah remains the primary, armed proxy. [
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