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Next linking lactate dehydrogenase to elevated levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected Italian patients:
Aug 2021 Italy / Sex Differences During First and Second Wave of the Pandemic
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
’....Ferritin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also higher in males, but constant in the two waves, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were similar in males and females, but higher in patients hospitalized during the first wave....The highest levels of WBC, neutrophils, CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, ferritin, LDH and procalcitonin were preferentially reported in patients admitted in ICU than those that were managed in the other hospital units, or who died during the course of COVID-19....more males showed interstitial pneumonia, while more females reported vomiting.’
MacLachlan, et al, above, continues:
’The initial isolates of PRRSV from North America and Europe were very different; indeed, the European viruses were almost as distinct from the North American PRRSV isolates as they were from LDV. PRRSV isolates from other regions of the world were similar to the North American genotypes. The marked continental divergence of PRRSV suggests an earlier geographic separation followed by independent evolutionary trajectories. The near simultaneous appearance of similar diseases on different continents caused by genetically disparate virus strains may reflect recent changes in swine husbandry. Specifically, whereas swine formerly were raised outdoors in relatively small groups, swine production now occurs in densely populated operations housed in confinement.
....
PRRSV is readily transmitted to susceptible sows via the semen of infected boars. Virus is shed in the semen of infected boars for as long as 43 days, and viral RNA can be detected up to approximately 100 days. Venereal infection of gilts and sows usually results only in transient anorexia, inappetence, and lethargy, but not reproductive disease, whereas subsequent spread of the virus from these animals to susceptible sows in late gestation can result in reproductive failure and sow mortality.
....
Other than porcine macrophages, PRRSV replicates in vitro only in MA-104 African green monkey kidney cells and cotton rat lung cells....The ability to grow in MA-104 cells is characteristic of North American isolates of PRRSV, whereas European strains grow extremely poorly or not at all in these cells.
....
The incidence of other infectious diseases is increased in PRRSV-infected swine hers, and mortality of up to 12 to 20% can occur. Diseases that commonly occur in PRRSV-infected swine include streptococcal meningitis, septicemic salmonellosis, Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis), exudative dermatitis, sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei), and bacterial bronchopneumonia.’
We have already posted on sarcoptic mange in two SARS-CoV reservoirs, Demodex for Paguma and Sarcoptes for Nyctereutes:
Post # 521
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Aug 2021 Italy / Sex Differences During First and Second Wave of the Pandemic
Sex differences in a cohort of COVID-19 Italian patients hospitalized during the first and second pandemic waves - PubMed
Although the hospitalized males were significantly more, the similar number of hospitalizations of the > 75-year-old females and males could be due to the fact that in Brescia province, elderly women are about twice as many as men. Although males spent more days in the hospital, had a longer dise …
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
MacLachlan, et al, above, continues:
’The initial isolates of PRRSV from North America and Europe were very different; indeed, the European viruses were almost as distinct from the North American PRRSV isolates as they were from LDV. PRRSV isolates from other regions of the world were similar to the North American genotypes. The marked continental divergence of PRRSV suggests an earlier geographic separation followed by independent evolutionary trajectories. The near simultaneous appearance of similar diseases on different continents caused by genetically disparate virus strains may reflect recent changes in swine husbandry. Specifically, whereas swine formerly were raised outdoors in relatively small groups, swine production now occurs in densely populated operations housed in confinement.
....
PRRSV is readily transmitted to susceptible sows via the semen of infected boars. Virus is shed in the semen of infected boars for as long as 43 days, and viral RNA can be detected up to approximately 100 days. Venereal infection of gilts and sows usually results only in transient anorexia, inappetence, and lethargy, but not reproductive disease, whereas subsequent spread of the virus from these animals to susceptible sows in late gestation can result in reproductive failure and sow mortality.
....
Other than porcine macrophages, PRRSV replicates in vitro only in MA-104 African green monkey kidney cells and cotton rat lung cells....The ability to grow in MA-104 cells is characteristic of North American isolates of PRRSV, whereas European strains grow extremely poorly or not at all in these cells.
....
The incidence of other infectious diseases is increased in PRRSV-infected swine hers, and mortality of up to 12 to 20% can occur. Diseases that commonly occur in PRRSV-infected swine include streptococcal meningitis, septicemic salmonellosis, Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis), exudative dermatitis, sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei), and bacterial bronchopneumonia.’
We have already posted on sarcoptic mange in two SARS-CoV reservoirs, Demodex for Paguma and Sarcoptes for Nyctereutes:
Post # 521
COVID-19’s Biological Politics
Catholic puppet, Fauci, knows that Selamectin (trade name) by Pfizer, Ltd., has been used to treat Demodex parasites in the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV, masked palm civet, Paguma larvata. (2015) Paguma / Demodex https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26352967 ’....with the presence of a Sarcoptidae...
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