I think the Jews
distilled the 10 commandments from many sources, e.g., Hittite treaties, the Hammurabi law code, and adopted monotheism during the Babylonian exile.
Zoroastrianism is generally considered one of the world's first monotheistic faiths, centered on the worship of one supreme creator god,
Ahura Mazda. Founded by the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra), it emphasizes ethical dualism between good and evil, though scholars debate its exact classification, noting elements of
ethical monotheism combined with dualistic traditions.
Key details regarding Zoroastrianism's monotheism:
- Central Deity: Ahura Mazda is worshipped as the supreme, omniscient, and good creator.
- Ethical Dualism:The faith highlights a struggle between the forces of good (represented by Ahura Mazda) and evil (represented by Angra Mainyu).
- Interpretation: While often deemed "monotheistic," some scholars suggest it is a unique blend of "cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism".
- Components: It features a "monotheism of its own" that may include elements that could be interpreted as dualistic or polytheistic, though the primary focus is on one god.
It influenced later religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam with concepts such as heaven, hell, and final judgment.