On April 3, 1891 the Railroad Commission of Texas (now the Texas Railroad Commission) was established by the state Legislature under Governor James Stephen (“Big Jim”) Hogg. Initially, the Railroad Commission was given jurisdiction over rates and operations of railroads, terminals, wharves and express companies. But, in less than a decade it began enforcing regulations aimed at the new oil and gas industry that was developing in the state.
Texas quickly became the first state to adopt a well spacing rule to reduce fire hazards.
By 1930, the Commission had issued its first statewide proration order – limiting oil production in the state to 750,000 barrels per day, beginning their reign as
the world’s first oil cartel as they artificially reduced demand to maintain higher market prices for oil.
In 1930, the famous East Texas Oil Field was discovered. Covering 140,000 acres over five Texas counties, this field would become the largest oil field in the continental United States. After its discovery, production from this field was quickly regulated by the Railroad Commission to prevent another dip in the market price for oil. Martial law was used to ensure compliance with conservation regulation and production limits in the face of this massive oil discovery and to bring stability to the industry.
With this added power to control the state’s petroleum industry, the Railroad Commission soon transitioned into its role as the
world’s first modern oil cartel. From the 1940s through the 1960s, the Texas Railroad Commission not only regulated Texas oil and gas production, but also coordinated with other high-production states through the Interstate Oil Compact Commission (IOCC) to ensure that oil prices stayed high. At the same time, the Commission
supported restrictions on foreign oil resources to prevent an influx of cheap oil into the U.S. market, similarly to what one sees today with tariffs on imported biofuels.
blogs.scientificamerican.com