Do our western traditions of open discussion and acceptance of new and different ideas create the conditions for successful societies? Are the virtues and attributes of western culture inherently superior to others?
Red:
Yes. In answering "yes," however, I do not mean to assert or imply that differing traits found in other cultures cannot accomplish the same outcome.
Blue:
Some of them are; some of them are not. The same is so with regard to the virtues and attributes of non-Western cultures. The isolated evaluation of any single trait in comparison to/with its polar opposite can inform one as goes those two traits, but not as goes an entire culture. The superiority of entire cultures can only be evaluated in terms of superiority vis a vis its endurance, not its state of existence at any given instant.
Moreover, at any given instant, comparative evaluations of cultures suffer from momentary compatibility bias. For example, when Roman culture was the dominant one on the planet, was it objectively or inherently better than, say, Chinese culture of the same period? It almost certainly seemed that way to Romans and Roman aspirants, yet today we have only vestiges of Roman culture whereas much of the core of Chinese culture endures. Thus, with the benefit of hindsight, it's obvious that for whatever the Romans felt made them better, it obviously didn't make them "better enough" to survive to the present largely intact as a single culture.
The Chinese, of course, are not the only culture on the planet to have outlasted the Roman culture. Aboriginal Australians by a lot predate even the Chinese, for example. They may not leap first to your mind when you think of cultures that have endured, but here they are some 70K+ years since their beginning. They aren't the dominant/controlling political group on the planet, but clearly a culture need not be that to persist intact.
Hopefully you'll glean from the preceding that it really is just hubristic cultural myopia that leads members of a momentarily dominant culture to fathom theirs is superior to others. As goes what emerged coming out of the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment to form what we today call Western Culture has a long way to go before it can make any sort of claims to cultural superiority, most especially in comparison to Islamic, Chinese, Indian, Australian Aboriginal, and a host of other less widely spread cultures.
One trait that current Western Culture has that it shared with the Roman culture is its innate ability to absorb elements of other cultures. Whether, like Roman culture, current Western culture reaches a point at which it no longer can meld with competing cultures and sees itself in an "us or them" position, rather than an "us with them" position, remains to be seen. What is not uncertain is that if we cannot, we likely will, like the Romans last for quite a while, but not for as long as humanity, human culture, exists on Earth, that is, unless Western culture catalyzes and contributes to the end of human culture as we know it.