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OK, here is some but you will not look at it.I have asked you to prove your claims about the British many times, yet you never have any proof. Why is that?P F Tinmore, et al,
Surrender: cease resistance to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.
(COMMENT)OK, but didn't the LoN hold the territories in trust for the people? I see nowhere that the LoN or the Mandates took possession of any land.
First the Ottoman Empire surrendered to the Allied Powers, then Turkey renounced all it authority over the territory. You don't necessarily see one country take possession of another country --- in a surrender. And, you don't necessity see an exchange of territory. The Allied Powers, to a degree, did not take possession of Japan and Germany at the end of WWII. What you saw was the extension of Allied Authority over that territory. (Noting that the minor exception in that the USSR did partition East Germany from the remainder.)
And YES! The League of Nations via the Allied Powers, did take various territories in trust, which were inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, and assumed control --- externally placed under a Civil Administration with full power of administration (executive powers) and legislation (law making powers) subject to the terms and authority of the Allied Powers. But the Allied Powers had a stipulation for a portion of Palestine which was unique form all the other Mandates: the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.
Now the non-Jewish population had two (and only two) sets of rights that were explicitly identified for protection: "nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine" (ie Civil Rights and Religious Rights).
(QUESTION)
In 1922, what were Civil Rights and Religious Rights?
- In 1922, the Religious Rights were fairly simple: The freedom to believe in, and the ability to teaching, practice, worship, and observe the various religious theologies without undue interference. But it was not until 1948 that this right was considered a Universal Human Right (Resolution adopted by the General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III) Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
But you would be hard pressed to make the case that right to sovereignty and independence is included in the civil rights of 1922. So the Question becomes, when the Allied Powers decided on creating a Jewish National Home, did the Arab Palestinians have this elusive set of rights to independence and sovereignty? I would argue that prior to the 1945 Charter, the right of self-determination was only theoretical. And prior to 1960, the definition of the right of self-determination was not clearly articulated.
- In 1922, there was not universal understanding of what was meant by civil rights; but slowly evolving was the concept of equal protect. It was emerging as, in addition to personal liberty, rights to full legal, social, and economic equality.
Adopted by the General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
- Conscious of the need for the creation of conditions of stability and well-being and peaceful and friendly relations based on respect for the principles of equal rights and self-determination of all peoples, and of universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion;
- All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
- All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. (Derivative from the Article 1(2) and Article 55 of the 1945 Charter.)
- To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
- With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:
- a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
- b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and inter- 11 ational cultural and educational cooperation; and
- c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
It was not until 5 NOVEMBER 2013 GA/SHC/4085 that we hear that Self-Determination Integral to Basic Human Rights, Fundamental Freedoms, Third Committee Told as It Concludes General Discussion.
No, in 1922, or for that matter, in 1948, it was clear that the no right of the Arab Palestinian was trampled when the General Assemble set out to implement the Partition Plan.
Most Respectfully,
RIn 1922, what were Civil Rights and Religious Rights?
Britain tried to remove the Palestinians from their Political Rights. That is the right to develop their own government. This ran contrary to the rights implied by The League of Nations Covenant.
Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
I believe that the meaning of "stand alone" to be when they created their own functioning government and the Mandate was charged with assisting them to do that.
Britain violently prevented the Palestinians from creating their own government while imposing by force laws and policies against the wishes and best interest of the people.
Since the Mandate failed to create an independent state the creation of Israel was a completely separate issue.