White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years

[IM2]

There is evidence that shows republicans have problems with racism.

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.
Robert Bird and Frank Newport, Gallup News, May 19, 2017

“What impact did the first African-American U.S. president, Barack Obama, have on racial attitudes in the U.S.? Did race relations improve, stay the same or get worse during his administration -- the last perhaps as a result of a "backlash" effect among racially resentful whites? “

“Our recent analysis of several indicators of racial resentment before and during the Obama administration provides evidence that racial resentment decreased among the majority of white Americans during Obama's presidency. Republicans were the only political group who did not decrease in racial resentment -- but they did not increase significantly either.”

“The challenge in addressing the issue of Obama's effect on racial attitudes is finding questions that have been asked consistently enough to provide a suitable measure before and during his years as president. Fortunately, Gallup has data from its ongoing and frequently updated Minority Rights and Relations poll that can help meet that need.”

“Our review found eight questions that were asked in 2004 and 2007 -- before Obama -- and then again in 2015 and 2016 -- during the Obama years. These questions, combined, provide what we believe is a reasonable measure of racial resentment. Analyzing responses from the two earlier surveys and comparing those with the responses from the two later surveys provides the needed divide between pre-Obama and Obama-era attitudes.”

The questions are as follows:

1.In general, do you think that blacks have as good a chance as whites in your community to get any kind of job for which they are qualified, or don't you think they have as good a chance?
2.In general, do you think that black children have as good a chance as white children in your community to get a good education, or don't you think they have as good a chance?
3.Again, in general, do you think that blacks have as good a chance as whites in your community to get any housing they can afford, or don't you think they have as good a chance?
4.Just your impression, are blacks in your community treated less fairly than whites in the following situations?

◦On the job/At work
◦In neighborhood shops
◦In stores downtown/In the shopping mall
◦In restaurants/bars/theaters/other entertainment places
◦In dealing with the police, such as traffic incidents

“We looked only at respondents who identified their race as white. The racially resentful answer to each question is the one where the respondent does not believe blacks are treated unfairly and/or that they do have equal opportunities. The interpretation of these responses as racially resentful derives from other scholarly research in this area. Whites who say that blacks have as good a chance as whites to get jobs, schooling and housing, and who think blacks are treated just as fairly as whites across the list of five situations are racially unsympathetic. If racial resentment rose during the Obama years, the assumption is that whites would have become less sympathetic about blacks' situation in American society -- or, in other words, more racially resentful.”

“The analysis uses the mean of the eight items to construct a racial resentment scale that gives a score to each respondent. The top overall score of "1" means the person answered in the unsympathetic, resentful direction on all eight questions, and "0" means they answered all eight in the other direction.”

“As noted, we split the data into two groups. The first group contains data from 2004 and 2007. The second group contains data from 2015 and 2016.

Overall, white racial resentment decreased significantly from the years before Obama took office compared with the final two years of his administration. The index fell from .82 in 2004 and 2007 to .75 in 2015 and 2016, a statistically significant change.”

“This same pattern -- the drop in the index between the two periods -- is evident among most subgroups. Racial resentment -- based on our measure -- decreased during the Obama years for both genders, across education levels, across all age groups, among those who are married and those who are not, among those working and not working, and in every geographic region.

The only political group whose members did not decrease in racial resentment between the two time periods are Republicans.”

Racial resentment among republicans during Obama was .87 and that was higher than the overall index and remained at .87 even as the national average fell to .75. For Independents the index dropped from .86 to .77 and the Democrats were 10 points below the national average to begin with at .75 and their resentment fell 15 points to .62.

“The differences between the two periods by party identification are statistically significant and important.

•Republicans are generally the most racially resentful; Democrats are the least.
•The decrease in racial resentment among Democrats is statistically significant.
•Independents also showed a decrease in racial resentment, and this decrease is marginally significant.
•Republicans did not show a statistically significant change.

“All in all, our analyses suggest that based on the specific attitudinal indicators used in this analysis, racial resentment for the U.S. population as a whole diminished during the Obama years compared with the time before he took office. The racial resentment measure didn't become more positive among all groups, however. Republicans' attitudes didn't become worse but didn't improve either, while independents' and Democrats' attitudes did improve. This means that on a relative basis, the partisan gap on this measure of racial resentment expanded during the Obama years.

There are many ways to measure racial attitudes, and this analysis is limited to the data we have in hand and the particular dates for which we have data. These measures of recognition of, or failure to recognize, a situation in which blacks face discrimination, are an indirect measure of racial resentment, and there may be other measures of attitudes toward race that might find different trends.”

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years

 

[Muhammed]

There is evidence that shows republicans have problems with racism.

Could you explain the reasoning that you used to come to that conclusion?

 

[Olde Europe]

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.

That study is shit, plain and simple. What it does measure is knowledge about the living conditions of Blacks, or rather, for the most part, ignorance. They confuse growing awareness of inequitable treatment with decline in racial resentment. That may go hand in hand, but does not with necessity, and, most assuredly, they are not the same.

That thing really can't carry its own weight, much less the weight of any conclusions drawn. If you look back over the last decade, and contemplate what happened from the political arena on down to the rise of hate groups and hate crimes, you know better than Gallup and the recycled nonsense they over-interpret, seemingly to fit a narrative.

 

[harmonica]

those whites are so evil --EVIL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
from your OP;
“All in all, our analyses suggest that based on the specific attitudinal indicators used in this analysis, racial resentment for the U.S. population as a whole diminished during the Obama years compared with the time before he took office''

hahahhahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahah
1. ''attitudinal indicators'' ---hahah
2. racial resentment dropped during Obama years
no ---they must not have studied the blacks, because they got MORE racist

your OP is a bunch of RACIST crap

 

[IM2]

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.

That study is shit, plain and simple. What it does measure is knowledge about the living conditions of Blacks, or rather, for the most part, ignorance. They confuse growing awareness of inequitable treatment with decline in racial resentment. That may go hand in hand, but does not with necessity, and, most assuredly, they are not the same.

That thing really can't carry its own weight, much less the weight of any conclusions drawn. If you look back over the last decade, and contemplate what happened from the political arena on down to the rise of hate groups and hate crimes, you know better than Gallup and the recycled nonsense they over-interpret, seemingly to fit a narrative.

That's your opinion. IMO it carried it's weight just fine. They also said this:

"There are many ways to measure racial attitudes, and this analysis is limited to the data we have in hand and the particular dates for which we have data. These measures of recognition of, or failure to recognize, a situation in which blacks face discrimination, are an indirect measure of racial resentment, and there may be other measures of attitudes toward race that might find different trends.”

 

[IM2]

There is evidence that shows republicans have problems with racism.

Could you explain the reasoning that you used to come to that conclusion?

 

[IM2]

Racism is a problem with white police.

The Height of Racial Resentment: White Cops

Researchers will surely continue to plow the 2016 U.S. presidential election looking for answers to Donald Trump’s victory for decades to come. What we know now, though, is that racial resentment played a prominent role in the equation. Michael Tesler has shown, for instance, that white racial resentment “was more tightly linked to [support for Trump] than support for John McCain and Mitt Romney in 2008 and 2012, respectively — even after controlling for party and ideology.” And Sean McElwee and Jason McDaniel have found that “racial attitudes towards blacks and immigration are the key factors associated with support for Trump.” If white voters are racially resentful and if their resentments remain consequential for their selections at the ballot box, we might wish to understand who among the white population in the U.S. evinces the most racially resentful and racially conservative attitudes and why. Some recent sociological work has examined this question and found at least one primary suspect: white police officers.

White individuals throughout the country continue to compose a large share of law enforcement positions. They also continue to murder unarmed black citizens at a disproportionate rate as well. Yet, despite these instances, 70% of whites believe that police departments do an excellent/good job holding police officers accountable when they engage in misconduct, compared with 31% of blacks; 75% of whites believe that police officers do an excellent/good of treating racial and ethnic minorities equally, compared with 35% of blacks; and, finally, 44% of whites believe that blacks’ fatal encounters with police are isolated incidents, compared with 18% of blacks.

While decades of sociological research betray the general sentiments of many white citizens, white law enforcement officers continue to maintain even more racially resentful and racially conservative sets of beliefs than white citizens writ large. Racial resentment is indeed a bit different than outright racist views, but only a permutation of them. In new research published by sociology professor Ryan LeCount, racial resentment is simply understood as the belief that black citizens are “unfairly advantaged relative to whites.” In his research, LeCount examined the extent of racial resentment among white police officers in comparison with white citizens, in addition to the extent to which white police officers minimize racism, oppose race-targeted programs, and possess racist views.

All together, LeCount finds that white police officers indeed possess more racially conservative views than white citizens. For instance, white police are nine times more likely than their white citizen counterparts to believe that black citizens are more violent than white citizens, and they are over three times more likely to agree with the phrase: “I resent any special considerations that Africans Americans receive because it’s unfair to other Americans.” White officers are also 1.4 times more likely to agree that the government is spending too much money on black citizens, and nearly twice as likely to say that racial discrimination is not an obstacle to black citizens’ success. And, finally, white cops are 1.4 times more likely to believe that affirmative action programs hurt white citizens, and they are three times more likely to say that they white citizens experience racial discrimination in the workplace.

Of course, some might argue that the institutional culture of the law enforcement profession might uniquely produce racist beliefs among its occupants. LeCount, however, also examined black police officers’ views compared with black citizens’ general views, and he found nearly no significant differences between black officers and black citizens. In only one instance, LeCount found a difference, and, in that instance, he found that black officers were actually less likely than black citizens to agree with the statement: “Blacks should work their way up without special favors.”

The Height of Racial Resentment: White Cops

 

[Olde Europe]

That's your opinion. IMO it carried it's weight just fine. They also said this:

"There are many ways to measure racial attitudes, and this analysis is limited to the data we have in hand and the particular dates for which we have data. These measures of recognition of, or failure to recognize, a situation in which blacks face discrimination, are an indirect measure of racial resentment, and there may be other measures of attitudes toward race that might find different trends.”

Do I really need to explain that quote to you? I can't believe that's really necessary.

Measuring the failure to recognize - or the failure to acknowledge - situations "in which blacks face discrimination" is a darn poor proxy for resentments. The reasons are manifold: It lets off those who know about, and acknowledge, the discrimination, and gloat about it, that is, the worst of racists, the likes of which you see here daily. It puts ignoramuses living in communities with (next to) no overlap or contact with any blacks into the "resentment" camp. It can't distinguish between the failure to recognize, and the failure to acknowledge, with probably wildly differing underlying motivations.

Again, IM2, in your own experience over the last ten or 15 years, has racial resentment become more toxic? More overt? Even more shameless? Have right-wing, racist fringe groups multiplied? Has right-wing, Nazi terrorism gained strength? Could it be they felt empowered by a rising wave of racism? Have the political class and the right-wing media increasingly dropped the whistle, and spoken out more clearly? Isn't it at least plausible that the right-wing tools follow their masters, as they usually do? If so, why then trust an obviously faulty study telling you there was no increase of racial resentment on the right?

What the quote you provided makes clear is, they had some data at hand, and tried to use it to answer a question, when the data doesn't answer it. Any study actually trying to measure racial resentment would have to embed the answers they get into a context facilitating interpretation, including, but by no means limited to, the extent of contact with blacks, for instance. Re-purposing data and merely pretending there is a good link between knowledge and resentment is at best lazy, and the result is thoroughly unconvincing.

 

[AveryJarhman]

#TheLargerIssue #SingleParenting #ChildNeglectMaltreatment #INTRA_RACIAL_HATE_DISCRIMINATION #MentalHealth #Solutions

2.In general, do you think that black children have as good a chance as white children in your community to get a good education, or don't you think they have as good a chance?

I believe plenty of reliable evidence exists demonstrating American kids raised by mothers and/or fathers supporting America's large illogical thinking, SEGREGATION MINDED, INTRA-RACIAL DISCRIMINATION and HATE practicing PRO BLACK community are being impeded from experiencing their full human potential.

Is Dr. Johnson sharing propaganda?

"Dr. Umar Johnson Preventing Future Mass Incarceration, Admonishing Parents About Child Literacy"

…

"The 'AVERAGE' black child in America reads three grade levels below their current class standing."

Ignoring illogical #HATERZ, bravely, this American speaks about experiencing HATEFUL #ProBlack influence during his childhood upbringing.

"I Used to Hate White People | My #WalkAway Story" by It's Kyou - 410,382 views



Does anyone doubt IM2 is a PRO BLACK minded citizen?

​

Peace.
___
American *(Children)* Lives Matter; Take Pride In Parenting; *End Our Nation's *CHILD CARE* PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS*; End Community Violence, Police Anxiety & Educator's Frustrations

 

[ptbw forever]

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.

That study is shit, plain and simple. What it does measure is knowledge about the living conditions of Blacks, or rather, for the most part, ignorance. They confuse growing awareness of inequitable treatment with decline in racial resentment. That may go hand in hand, but does not with necessity, and, most assuredly, they are not the same.

That thing really can't carry its own weight, much less the weight of any conclusions drawn. If you look back over the last decade, and contemplate what happened from the political arena on down to the rise of hate groups and hate crimes, you know better than Gallup and the recycled nonsense they over-interpret, seemingly to fit a narrative.

That's your opinion. IMO it carried it's weight just fine. They also said this:

"There are many ways to measure racial attitudes, and this analysis is limited to the data we have in hand and the particular dates for which we have data. These measures of recognition of, or failure to recognize, a situation in which blacks face discrimination, are an indirect measure of racial resentment, and there may be other measures of attitudes toward race that might find different trends.”

Funny how black people are so oppressed when every institution is pushing black supremacist bullshit like Gallup.

"If you don't agree with black people about everything concerning race as a white person we are going to say you harbor "racial resentment""
-Gallup

I could just as easily flip this and say that black people have the most racial resentment because they don't agree that racism against white people exists.

 

[Oddball]

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.

That study is shit, plain and simple. What it does measure is knowledge about the living conditions of Blacks, or rather, for the most part, ignorance. They confuse growing awareness of inequitable treatment with decline in racial resentment. That may go hand in hand, but does not with necessity, and, most assuredly, they are not the same.

That thing really can't carry its own weight, much less the weight of any conclusions drawn. If you look back over the last decade, and contemplate what happened from the political arena on down to the rise of hate groups and hate crimes, you know better than Gallup and the recycled nonsense they over-interpret, seemingly to fit a narrative.

When you lose a committed multiculturalist Euroweenie, you have to know that your argument is total shit.

 

[ptbw forever]

White Racial Resentment Before, During Obama Years.

That study is shit, plain and simple. What it does measure is knowledge about the living conditions of Blacks, or rather, for the most part, ignorance. They confuse growing awareness of inequitable treatment with decline in racial resentment. That may go hand in hand, but does not with necessity, and, most assuredly, they are not the same.

That thing really can't carry its own weight, much less the weight of any conclusions drawn. If you look back over the last decade, and contemplate what happened from the political arena on down to the rise of hate groups and hate crimes, you know better than Gallup and the recycled nonsense they over-interpret, seemingly to fit a narrative.

When you lose a committed multiculturalist Euroweenie, you have to know that your argument is total shit.

He is challenging Gallup because he doesn't believe its study is racist enough.

 

[IM2]

That's your opinion. IMO it carried it's weight just fine. They also said this:

"There are many ways to measure racial attitudes, and this analysis is limited to the data we have in hand and the particular dates for which we have data. These measures of recognition of, or failure to recognize, a situation in which blacks face discrimination, are an indirect measure of racial resentment, and there may be other measures of attitudes toward race that might find different trends.”

Do I really need to explain that quote to you? I can't believe that's really necessary.

Measuring the failure to recognize - or the failure to acknowledge - situations "in which blacks face discrimination" is a darn poor proxy for resentments. The reasons are manifold: It lets off those who know about, and acknowledge, the discrimination, and gloat about it, that is, the worst of racists, the likes of which you see here daily. It puts ignoramuses living in communities with (next to) no overlap or contact with any blacks into the "resentment" camp. It can't distinguish between the failure to recognize, and the failure to acknowledge, with probably wildly differing underlying motivations.

Again, IM2, in your own experience over the last ten or 15 years, has racial resentment become more toxic? More overt? Even more shameless? Have right-wing, racist fringe groups multiplied? Has right-wing, Nazi terrorism gained strength? Could it be they felt empowered by a rising wave of racism? Have the political class and the right-wing media increasingly dropped the whistle, and spoken out more clearly? Isn't it at least plausible that the right-wing tools follow their masters, as they usually do? If so, why then trust an obviously faulty study telling you there was no increase of racial resentment on the right?

What the quote you provided makes clear is, they had some data at hand, and tried to use it to answer a question, when the data doesn't answer it. Any study actually trying to measure racial resentment would have to embed the answers they get into a context facilitating interpretation, including, but by no means limited to, the extent of contact with blacks, for instance. Re-purposing data and merely pretending there is a good link between knowledge and resentment is at best lazy, and the result is thoroughly unconvincing.

The study stated that republicans had the same level of resentment while Independents and democrats reduced. It showed that republicans had the highest level of racial resentment before and after Obama. And I don't know what you have seen, but I have seen the same racial resentment from the right since at least 1980 starting with Reagan.

 

[Olde Europe]

The study stated that republicans had the same level of resentment while Independents and democrats reduced. It showed that republicans had the highest level of racial resentment before and after Obama. And I don't know what you have seen, but I have seen the same racial resentment from the right since at least 1980 starting with Reagan.

For instance:

In 2008, Pasek and his collaborators note, the proportion of people expressing anti-Black attitudes was 31 percent among Democrats, 49 percent among independents, and 71 percent among Republicans. By 2012, the numbers had gone up. “The proportion of people expressing anti-Black attitudes,” they write, “was 32 percent among Democrats, 48 percent among independents, and 79 percent among Republicans.”​

And that's overtly "expressing anti-Black attitudes" among Republicans picking up eight percentage points over just four years. And then, four more years down the road, they voted in the most overtly racist asshole in at least two generations, and you tell me, based on that faulty study, racial resentments on the right have been constant? That would be at least puzzling.

 

[Agit8r]

In all fairness, it could be that many Republicans whose opinions were more based on merit than race just left that party.

 

[IM2]

The study stated that republicans had the same level of resentment while Independents and democrats reduced. It showed that republicans had the highest level of racial resentment before and after Obama. And I don't know what you have seen, but I have seen the same racial resentment from the right since at least 1980 starting with Reagan.

For instance:

In 2008, Pasek and his collaborators note, the proportion of people expressing anti-Black attitudes was 31 percent among Democrats, 49 percent among independents, and 71 percent among Republicans. By 2012, the numbers had gone up. “The proportion of people expressing anti-Black attitudes,” they write, “was 32 percent among Democrats, 48 percent among independents, and 79 percent among Republicans.”​

And that's overtly "expressing anti-Black attitudes" among Republicans picking up eight percentage points over just four years. And then, four more years down the road, they voted in the most overtly racist asshole in at least two generations, and you tell me, based on that faulty study, racial resentments on the right have been constant? That would be at least puzzling.

Both studies have their limitations. I appreciate the information. However you are talking about an increase in overt racism, when covert racism had been a problem that existed and has continued to. Increased overt racism only tells me they feel less inhibited to express the resentment they already had.

 

[IM2]

In all fairness, it could be that many Republicans whose opinions were more based on merit than race just left that party.

And what would that merit be? Because if you want to consider merit, blacks have an opinion based on 400 years of evidence.

 

[Bruce_T_Laney]

There is evidence that shows republicans have problems with racism.

Could you explain the reasoning that you used to come to that conclusion?

You did not explain your reasoning...

 

[Agit8r]

In all fairness, it could be that many Republicans whose opinions were more based on merit than race just left that party.

And what would that merit be? Because if you want to consider merit, blacks have an opinion based on 400 years of evidence.

Some republicans did leave the party during that time. People who were more moderate/mainstream than the teabaggers often no longer wanted to be associated with deplorable Glenn Beck-ish ideas.

 

[Correll]

There is evidence that shows republicans have problems with racism.

Could you explain the reasoning that you used to come to that conclusion?

OMG, the way you asked a question. As though he was capable of answering it.

FUCKING HILARIOUS!!!!