Terminology in politics is often confusing and stupid. Nationalism is not just another word for patriotism; it has a definition of its own, and like most beliefs, it can be good but when taken to its extremes, it can be poisonous.
Patriotism is a love of your nation's ideals, but nationalism is a support of its identity as superior to all others. To a nation that is subjugated or conquered, it can be a driving force toward independence or self-determination, but in a nation that is already in power, it can quickly become extreme. For starters, nationalism was a major contributor to the outbreak of both World Wars, and it just goes up from there.
Nationalism generally revolves around the idea that your nation (that is, group of people) deserves more, even if it comes at the expense of others. When the term is used alone, it usually refers to the people of a political state—"American nationalism," for example, is usually just called "nationalism." However, it can be used for other groups of people as well, such as "white nationalism," where it means people who believe whites are superior, and all others deserve a lower place in society. In case you don't recognize the term, that's the Klan.
Christian nationalism works the same way. The term means the belief that Christianity is superior, and all other religions or ideologies deserve a lower place in society. In America, this directly contradicts separation of church and state, the First Amendment, and the entire concept of the United States.
To repeat: The difference between being a Christian and subscribing to Christian nationalism, is the same as being a white person and supporting the Klan. Anyone who tells you otherwise either doesn't know political science, or is diluting the idea in order to make it more palatable.
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