There are two main subjects in the first post of this thread – freedom of speech and rights of ethnic minorities in modern Ukraine.
I would like to add some information about these rights.
In 2020 the Law on Indigenous Peoples was passed in Ukraine.
Despite the UN definition of Indigenous Peoples (see the
official UN website), the Ukrainian authorities have introduced an additional criterion for such Peoples; see below a quote from the Law on Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine on the
official website of the Ukrainian Parliament.
According to this law, ethnic Hungarians are not Indigenous People of Ukraine, although they came to Transcarpathia, which is now a part of Ukraine, in 896 at the latest.
On the other hand, Crimean Tatars, who came to the Crimea only in the 13th century, are Indigenous People of Ukraine according to this Law because they do not have their own state entity outside of Ukraine.
Such a system of division of national minorities in categories is
unfair and discriminatory.
For example, each of the three largest peoples of Switzerland (Germans, French and Italians) have their respective state entities outside of Switzerland, but this does not limit their rights.
However, national minorities of Ukraine are currently divided into three groups - Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine have more rights; Non-indigenous Peoples, whose mother tongue is one of the official languages of the EU, have less rights than Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine but more rights than Non-Indigenous Peoples, whose mother tongue is not one of the official languages of the EU, i.e. more rights than e.g. Russians; see the Law on General Secondary Education in Ukraine on the
official website of the Ukrainian Parliament.
I know only one another country, where national minorities were divided into three groups having different rights – it was
Nazi Germany.
Ethnic Danes, who live in Northern Germany, were in Nazi Germany the so-called Reichsbürger and had more rights; ethnic Poles, who lived in Upper Silesia, were the so-called Staatsangehörige and had less rights than the Reichsbürger but more rights than e.g. Jews.