You not only fail to speak with precision, confusing the notions of "rights," "liberties" and "freedoms," but you also seem to mis-understand Rawls' work.
Ok, so what's the difference between a "liberty" and a "freedom". Remember, "rights" are the things that we are defining so we must be careful about throwing that term around (if we are going to speak precisely - I didn't think we were). I would say that a right is a specific manifestation of freedom restricted by compatibility in a situation like the one that you posted.
I don't think you've addressed what I've misunderstood about Rawls, I'd love to hear how that is!
Freedom is not subject to being limited by compatibility.
I didn't want to go any further into Rawls because I didn't want to sound like more of an elitist douchebag, but OK...
Yes, Rawls doesn't talk about the state of nature or natural rights. Instead, all people (past, present, future) are put into the o-so-problematic 'original position' where they have no knowledge of their former selves or their prejudices. Then they are asked to decide upon the principles of justice. Rawls contended that they would choose Freedom for All and the Difference Principle (which I talked about earlier). There are many problems with the formulation of the original position which I will not get into, but I do believe that if you could strip a person of all prejudice and somehow ask humanity as a whole what it wants, the answer would be "equal freedom for all." This is why I call Freedom for All a natural right.
Sometimes individual rights run up against each other.
Yes, this is true. Which is why freedom cannot be absolute for all and still be natural.
Sometimes my rights in some certain regard trump your rights in that same realm. If my freedom to raise crops on my land were limited by your freedom to plant giant solar-collectors on your property -- casting big shadows over our part of the county (i.e. your devices gather solar rays nicely, even if planted on your property, but cast enormous shadows over my farm), then those freedoms have bumped up against each other. The solution is not to deny BOTH of us the right to use our land to do the work we do for a living. The solution (however difficult it may be to derive it) is found by measuring the rights realtive to each other and relative to neutral principles.
First of all, there are no panels that tall and it would be impossible for the panels-no matter how tall-to block the sun year-round all day, but I see your point. This is where the difference principle comes in. The solar panels create wealth for me, but they are to your disadvantage. Therefore, my actions contradict that principle as I understand it. I know that the difference principle mentions the "least advantaged", but that's why I have my own interpretation of the difference principle, which I stated in an earlier post that I'm sure you didn't read:
If one party obtains wealth, then that party must either obtain that wealth through an equal exchange (negotiated by the involved parties) or create that wealth in its entirety.
I hope this resolves the conflict between my rights as a solar panel tycoon and yours as a farmer. That is, I would only be entitled to
(wealth generated by solar panels - wealth lost from your crops)
and the rest would have to be paid to you for that to be an equal exchange.
Rawls' "A Theory of Justice" was interested in crafting a neutral system. But his system could achieve justice if it tried to resolve that dispute solely on the basis of the compatibility of those respective rights. Your exercise of your rights are not compatible with my exercise of mine; and vice versa. A stalemate outcome is of zero utility.
On the contrary, your understanding of Rawls seems to be incomplete. You forgot about the difference principle.
It's not a stalemate. My solar panels kill your crops and you seek compensation. Of course if your crops are feeding you and your family, then I would hope that you would defend them with your life because that would be your right.