1. How will higher taxes increase employment rates...
They won't. Who is claiming that they will?
They won't hurt employment rates either.
2. Why should I care if high income earners get more dollars back than lower income earners from tax cuts...
The tax system is already incredibly regressive. The richest people in America pay less of a percentage of their income in tax than I do. You want to make it more so?
That is completely false. Already the anticipation of higher taxes has hurt hiring. While there are other factors, this one is very much valid.
Want proof:
"Businesses have a legitimate worry about health care costs, rising taxes, and other artifacts of Obama's legislation."
Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis: Small Businesses are Not Hiring - Why Should They?
"Obama wants to raise income tax rates on individuals making more than $200,000 and joint filers making $250,000 and up. That would affect 3% of all taxpayers who report business profits (known as "net positive business income") on their individual tax returns, according to estimates by the Joint Committee on Taxation, the tax gurus on Capitol Hill.
All told, we're talking about approximately 750,000 individuals."
"Next year, an estimated 50% of all business income reported on individual returns will be generated by that small minority of taxpayers who file at the top two rates, the JCT estimates."
Bush tax cuts: Parsing the debate about small business - Sep. 20, 2010
Common sense dictates that if businesses see their tax rate increasing, they will cut back in different areas. One being payroll. What the wealth envy crowd fails to understand is, in this administration 250K is not that much money.
In Chicago an administrator for the police dept and his school teacher wife together will make 250K. Not exactly what most would call "rich". The expiration of the Bush era tax cuts will affect these people. Small business will react with more layoffs, hiring freezes, equipment buying freezes.
So really, those that think they are "sticking it to the rich" are only hurting themselves and others that are high middle class.
From CNBC (not exactly right wing) reporting on what economist are stating:
"Ending Bush Tax Cuts Will Hurt Economy: Goldman Analyst"
News Headlines
Unfortunately the "wealth envy" mantra works on voters who are too stupid to realize it will ultimately affect them too.