I wonder what it actually costs to develop, test and bring a new drug to market.
anyone have a guess?
in todays dollars.
ok, just got back from googling, and I was right or close to being right....on spending on r&d verses marketing/advertising...this is from 2014....
Pfizer (
$PFE), long known for its marketing muscle. The drugmaker plowed $11.4 billion into marketing in 2013, $4.8 billion more than it spent on R&D--a difference of 72%. AstraZeneca (
$AZN) is close behind with a 70% difference. The U.K.-based company put $7.3 billion toward marketing last year, and $4.3 billion into R&D. AstraZeneca has been pumping up marketing behind products such as its blood-thinner Brilinta as it preps for the onslaught of Nexium copycats.
But regardless of their r&d expense vs advertising and marketing expense,
Medicare should be allowed to negotiate bulk discounts, like ALL OTHER NATIONS do.
We, Americans should NOT have to pay the r&d costs for the entire world's supply.
every nation should have to pay for the r&d costs, it should be prorated among all customers, not all on just American backs.
I kind of agree with you as far as medicare goes, however consider this, if medicare negotiates a lower price for the drugs, what happens to the cost of those drugs to those of us that do not yet use medicare?
other countries should pay full price for drugs developed here and we should all get the lower price instead of it being the other way around.
Maybe those other countries don't have a medical malpractice lawyer to pill ratio of 1 to 1 like we do here.
if they spent more on r&d, including testing/trials, and less on marketing the new drugs directly to patients, vs doctors, maybe they'd have less lawsuits? And I betcha they have insurance to cover suits....although i'm certain it's costly!
I'm hesitant to restrict lawsuits, it's the only means we have to make certain pharma tests and retests the drugs, through trials, for harmful affects....and for us to redress grievances....lives are at stake.
I think that all countries/customers buying the drugs should pay a proportionate amount for r&d and marketing.... their prices will go up slightly, and ours will come down drastically for medicare if allowed to negotiate. medicare part D, the pill bill, was never funded, so it's being paid by the general fund/budget, not through medicare taxes....this could be a huge savings for us tax payers.
The research is pretty intense right now as it is.
first the do test on animals to provide some initial information
Then they go through a few different stages of research before the release
Phase one ( initial clinical stage) where they have a small number of volunteers 20 to 100 (mostly healthy) to establish drug safety and dosage ranges for effective treatment and side effects. The data from this is analyzed and send to the FDA for approval to move to the next step
Phase two (clinical pharmacological evaluation stage) is to eliminate investigator bias and determine side effects and the effectiveness of the treatment. This time the test group is larger 100 to 300 volunteers with the medical problem that the drug is supposed to treat. and again, statistical evaluation of the information is carried out before proceeding.
Phase three (extended clinical evaluation stage) by this point the company has a good idea of the effectiveness and the dangers of the drug so it can be offered to a wider group of clinics and physicians, this is where the drug first becomes available on a wide experimental basis. Again with an analysis of the effectiveness, side effect and recommended dosage.
If after this the company is able to show that the drug is effective and safe the company can submit a new drug application (NDA) to the FDA to consider approving the drug.
If after going through all of the data from the trials the FDA decides that the risk of using the drug justifies its potential benefits, then the FDA will usually ask for some additional testing before the drug is determined safe and effective and granting permission to market it.
thats when the company can get the permission to market.
This is a long process of years that is not cheap. so you can imagine that the company wants to recover the costs as quickly as it can, and they have to recover costs before the patent expires and other companies are able to reproduce the drug under generic names.
thus the expense.