This thread is amazing. I am new here. I am a LDS. I want to do my duty, too.
tru, i tried reading the book of mormons, but it started out talking about some nephi dude and it made NO sense whatsoever. What chapters should I read that talk about the actual religion and how it's different/better than say, catholicism?
John, all those books (the Bible, the BofM, the D&C, the PofGP) and what other people say are very much just other people's testimonies. The testimonies of other people won't matter much to you at all until you study them with a positive/sincere mindset that aims for a conclusion that will determine the manner and conduct of your own existence in an eternal perspective.
I recognize that you want a top-down approach (top of the pyramid and then down to the foundations) to the study. You are asking for the synthesized (summarized) doctrine of our religion first. I think some people are given that privilege. But most of us learned "line upon line, precept upon precept." I guess you can build a pyramid from the top and then down to the foundations - but really risky.
Most of the members of the CJCLDS had to start with the bits and pieces - studying and trying them out and then thereby obtain the personal testimonies of the truth, and eventually the testimonies build up towards the synthesis that you seem to want right away.
Again, the top-down approach is risky. But I am hoping that you intend to sincerely analyze it by studying and testing for yourself the bits and pieces of the doctrine.
The plan of God is to make man as good as He God is and to make man as happy and joyful as He God is. This is why the Lord Jesus asks us to follow his example and enjoins us: "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect" (Matthew 5:48). Other scripture passages also record: "Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy: for I am the Lord your God" (Leviticus 20:7). This summary of the doctrine (the immortality and eternal life of man as the encompassing work of God) is clearly taught in the CJCLDS.
The study and fulfillment of the bits and pieces of the doctrine is what we tirelessly pursue in the Church. We as a Church work together to perform the priesthood ordinances wherein the worthy are entered into covenants with God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Our aim is of course 'to fulfill the covenants entered into in the ordinances until our calling and election is made sure' - the idea of 'enduring to the end'. Simply put, we want to be among those "unto whom the word of God came" - the 'word' being the ultimate confirmation, as noted in the scriptures, "I have said, Ye are Gods." [See Psalms 82: 1, 6-7; St. John 10: 34-36.]
The CJCLDS is very 'systematic' in our approach and we work together - no priesthood holder can perform the saving ordinances and covenants by himself for himself. This helps us easily put ourselves in the right perspective of the manner and conduct of our eternal existence.
For an understanding of the top principles, let somebody from the Church personally (in person, face-to-face) explain to you the six (6) priesthood ordinances necessary for exaltation which is the fullness of salvation. If you deserve the explanations, you will assuredly get it.
The six (6) priesthood ordinances necessary for exaltation are summarized in a lot of Church materials - e.g., the Melchizedek Priesthood Manual,... if I remember right.