Question: What is a Ponzi Scheme? How Do Ponzi Schemes Work? ***
Answer: A Ponzi scheme is a scam investment designed to separate investors from their money. It is named after Charles Ponzi, who constructed one such scheme at the beginning of the 20th century, though the concept was well known prior to Ponzi.
The scheme is designed to convince the public to place their money into a fradulent investment. Once the scam artist feels that enough money has been collected, he disappears - taking all the money with him.
Five Key Elements of a Ponzi Scheme
The Benefit: A promise that the investment will achieve an above normal rate of return. The rate of return is often specified. The promised rate of return has to be high enough to be worthwhile to the investor but not so high as to be unbelievable.
The Setup: A relatively plausible explanation of how the investment can achieve these above normal rates of return. One often-used explanation is that the investor is skilled and/or has some inside information. Another possible explanation is that the investor has access to an investment opportunity not otherwise available to the general public.
Initial Credibility: The person running the scheme needs to be believable enough to convince the initial investors to leave their money with him.
Initial Investors Paid Off: For at least a few periods the investors need to make at least the promised rate of return - if not better.
Communicated Successes: Other investors need to hear about the payoffs, such that their numbers grow exponentially. At the very least more money needs to be coming in than is being paid back to investors.
Social Security is not a Ponzi Scheme. Calling it so is one more example of the right wings mendacity.
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What is a Ponzi Scheme - How Do Ponzi Schemes Work