Snake Meat......source of chinese virus
- Thread starter MacTheKnife
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When we plugged in 'nidovirus dpp4,' 107 references were retrieved, many of which are for MERS. Reference #107, the original link, is here:
Mar 2013 Receptor for New Coronavirus Found
Isolation and characterisation of three polypeptides with neurotoxic activity from Anemonia sulcata. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and a largely European team report that spikes on the surface of hCoV-EMC bind to dpp4, a well-known receptor protein on human cells.'
'dipeptidyl peptidase oseltamivir' at Pubmed, yielded one reference:
One-pot reactions accelerate the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. - PubMed - NCBI
'....The cyclohexene derivatives obtained by Enders et al bear a remarkable resemblance to the carbocyclic core of (-)-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and ABT-341.'
Thus, dpp4 specifically links to Thai use of oseltamivir against 2019-nCoV.
Mar 2013 Receptor for New Coronavirus Found
Isolation and characterisation of three polypeptides with neurotoxic activity from Anemonia sulcata. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and a largely European team report that spikes on the surface of hCoV-EMC bind to dpp4, a well-known receptor protein on human cells.'
'dipeptidyl peptidase oseltamivir' at Pubmed, yielded one reference:
One-pot reactions accelerate the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. - PubMed - NCBI
'....The cyclohexene derivatives obtained by Enders et al bear a remarkable resemblance to the carbocyclic core of (-)-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and ABT-341.'
Thus, dpp4 specifically links to Thai use of oseltamivir against 2019-nCoV.
Mar 2013 Receptor for New Coronavirus Found
Receptor for new coronavirus found. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and a largely European team report that spikes on the surface of hCoV-EMC bind to dpp4, a well-known receptor protein on human cells.'
Receptor for new coronavirus found. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and a largely European team report that spikes on the surface of hCoV-EMC bind to dpp4, a well-known receptor protein on human cells.'
Clues to Male Preference of 2019-nCoV
From the study of post #280 we find that EAV causes death and abortion, though does not cause teratogenesis. Thus, there are differences in sequences between EAV and SARS which should be investigated. Further, an unusually high number of tuberculosis cases in Kentucky was noted when studying past coroner records from certain time windows. Balasuriya specifically mentions Kentucky for EAV, so Ft. Campbell would likely be a poor choice for 2019-nCoV quarantine:
'....Most EAV infections are subclinical but occasional outbreaks of disease occur that are characterised by any combination of influenza-like illness in adult horses, abortion i pregnant mares, and interstitial pneumonia in very young foals. Up to 60% of stallions infected with EAV become persistently infected carriers and shed virus continuously in semen. Persistence of EAV in the male reproductive tract is testosterone-dependent, and persistently infected stallions function as a natural reservoir that can disseminate virus to susceptible mare at breeding (Timoney and McCollum, 1993).
....
To characterize the heterogeneity of EAV during persistent infection, detailed sequence analysis of the structural protein genes (ORFs [open-reading frames] 2-7) was performed with viral RNA purified directly from semen collected sequentially over a 10-year period from two Thoroughbred carrier stallions that were infected during an EAV outbreak in Kentucky in 1984 (Hedges et al [1999], J. Virol. 73: 3672-3681)....the RNA in the semen of two stallions was distinct from year to year. The master sequence of the virus population shed in the semen of individual stallions varied by approximately 1% per year.'
(Balasuriya EBR, et al, Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Equine Arteritis Virus, in, The Nidoviruses (Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses))
In the same volume, and linking the potyvirus of papaya leaf in post #261:
'Arterivirus EAV is a 'Mini' Coronavirus: The Birth of the Nidovirales....Particularly, the frameshifted pp1b polyprotein contained distant homologs of four conserved domains that had previously been identified in both corona- and toroviruses. Likewise, the pp1a polyprotein contained a characteristic domain set consisting of Plpro (called papain-like cysteine protease, PCP) asw well as 3CLpro embedded between two HDs (hydrophobic domains, Fig 1)....these families were united in a Coronavirus-like supergroup, Gorbalenya and Koonin, 1993; Snijder et al, 1993), which was subsequently recognized as the order Nidovirales (Cavanaugh, 1997)....an amplification of papain-like domains has contributed to the enlargement of the nidovirus genome....Each of these proteases was shown to cleave two sites that included at least one small amino acid. In MHV, both sites were mapped upstream of the cognate PL1pro (papain-like 1), and for IBV, one site was found to be upstream and another downstream of the PLpro.'
(Gorbalenya A, Big Nidovirus Genome: When Count and Order of Domains Matter, in The Nidoviruses, op cit)
Thus, aspects of EAV link MHV and IBV, previously mentioned in the thread.
From the study of post #280 we find that EAV causes death and abortion, though does not cause teratogenesis. Thus, there are differences in sequences between EAV and SARS which should be investigated. Further, an unusually high number of tuberculosis cases in Kentucky was noted when studying past coroner records from certain time windows. Balasuriya specifically mentions Kentucky for EAV, so Ft. Campbell would likely be a poor choice for 2019-nCoV quarantine:
'....Most EAV infections are subclinical but occasional outbreaks of disease occur that are characterised by any combination of influenza-like illness in adult horses, abortion i pregnant mares, and interstitial pneumonia in very young foals. Up to 60% of stallions infected with EAV become persistently infected carriers and shed virus continuously in semen. Persistence of EAV in the male reproductive tract is testosterone-dependent, and persistently infected stallions function as a natural reservoir that can disseminate virus to susceptible mare at breeding (Timoney and McCollum, 1993).
....
To characterize the heterogeneity of EAV during persistent infection, detailed sequence analysis of the structural protein genes (ORFs [open-reading frames] 2-7) was performed with viral RNA purified directly from semen collected sequentially over a 10-year period from two Thoroughbred carrier stallions that were infected during an EAV outbreak in Kentucky in 1984 (Hedges et al [1999], J. Virol. 73: 3672-3681)....the RNA in the semen of two stallions was distinct from year to year. The master sequence of the virus population shed in the semen of individual stallions varied by approximately 1% per year.'
(Balasuriya EBR, et al, Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Equine Arteritis Virus, in, The Nidoviruses (Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses))
In the same volume, and linking the potyvirus of papaya leaf in post #261:
'Arterivirus EAV is a 'Mini' Coronavirus: The Birth of the Nidovirales....Particularly, the frameshifted pp1b polyprotein contained distant homologs of four conserved domains that had previously been identified in both corona- and toroviruses. Likewise, the pp1a polyprotein contained a characteristic domain set consisting of Plpro (called papain-like cysteine protease, PCP) asw well as 3CLpro embedded between two HDs (hydrophobic domains, Fig 1)....these families were united in a Coronavirus-like supergroup, Gorbalenya and Koonin, 1993; Snijder et al, 1993), which was subsequently recognized as the order Nidovirales (Cavanaugh, 1997)....an amplification of papain-like domains has contributed to the enlargement of the nidovirus genome....Each of these proteases was shown to cleave two sites that included at least one small amino acid. In MHV, both sites were mapped upstream of the cognate PL1pro (papain-like 1), and for IBV, one site was found to be upstream and another downstream of the PLpro.'
(Gorbalenya A, Big Nidovirus Genome: When Count and Order of Domains Matter, in The Nidoviruses, op cit)
Thus, aspects of EAV link MHV and IBV, previously mentioned in the thread.
- Sep 16, 2012
- 66,653
- 62,345
- 3,605
FAKE NEWS.
The World Health Organization knows the truth, they are covering this whole thing up. They have always known.
Harvard Chemistry Chair & Two Chinese Nationals Arrested For Lying About China Ties, Smuggling "Biological Material"
Harvard Chemistry Chair & Two Chinese Nationals Arrested For Lying About China Ties, Smuggling "Biological Material"
Dr. Xiangguo Qiu – Chinese Biological Warfare Agent
Dr. Xiangguo Qiu - Chinese Biological Warfare Agent | GreatGameIndia
Coronavirus Bioweapon – How China Stole Coronavirus From Canada And Weaponized It
Coronavirus Bioweapon - How China Stole Coronavirus From Canada And Weaponized It | GreatGameIndia
Chinese Biowarfare Agents At Harvard University Caught Smuggling Viruses
Chinese Biowarfare Agents At Harvard University Caught Smuggling Viruses | GreatGameIndia
China Using HIV Drugs For Coronavirus Treatment
China Using HIV Drugs For Coronavirus Treatment | GreatGameIndia
Indian Scientists Discover Coronavirus Engineered With HIV (AIDS) Like Insertions
Indian Scientists Discover Coronavirus Engineered With HIV (AIDS) Like Insertions | GreatGameIndia
Coronavirus – China’s Secret Plan To Weaponize Viruses
Coronavirus - China's Secret Plan To Weaponize Viruses | GreatGameIndia
US Senator Tom Cotton Questions Mainstream Media’s Narrative On Coronavirus Origin
https://greatgameindia.com/us-senat...tream-medias-narrative-on-coronavirus-origin/
Coronavirus : India To Investigate Wuhan Institute Of Virology
https://greatgameindia.com/coronavirus-india-to-investigate-wuhan-institute-of-virology/
Frank Plummer – Canadian Scientist Key To Coronavirus Investigation Assassinated In Africa?
https://greatgameindia.com/frank-pl...ey-to-coronavirus-investigation-assassinated/
Further reinforcing the link to GAV (gill-associated virus, post #249) is a Thai link:
'Gill-associated virus (GAV) is a rod-shaped, enveloped virus that infects Penaeus monodon (black tiger prawns) in Australia (Spann et al 1997). The morphology and pathology of GAV closely resemble that of yellow head virus (YHV) which has caused significant production losses to prawn aquaculture industry in Thailand (Chantanachookin et al 1993). We have recently shown that these viruses share a high level of sequence identity and can be considered as geographic topotypes (Cowley et al 1999) YHV posseses a long >22kb ssRNA genome and four major structural proteins of which the 135 kDa protein is glycosylated. There is conflicting evidence and speculation that it may be related to rhabdoviruses (incl. rabies) or coronaviruses. In order to establish an approximate taxonomic classification of these viruses, we are investigating the genome sequence, organisation and replication strategy of GAV.'
(Cowley JA et al, Gill-Associated Virus of Penaeus monodon Prawns: Molecular Evidence for the First Invertebrate Nidovirus, in The Nidoviruses, op cit)
'Gill-associated virus (GAV) is a rod-shaped, enveloped virus that infects Penaeus monodon (black tiger prawns) in Australia (Spann et al 1997). The morphology and pathology of GAV closely resemble that of yellow head virus (YHV) which has caused significant production losses to prawn aquaculture industry in Thailand (Chantanachookin et al 1993). We have recently shown that these viruses share a high level of sequence identity and can be considered as geographic topotypes (Cowley et al 1999) YHV posseses a long >22kb ssRNA genome and four major structural proteins of which the 135 kDa protein is glycosylated. There is conflicting evidence and speculation that it may be related to rhabdoviruses (incl. rabies) or coronaviruses. In order to establish an approximate taxonomic classification of these viruses, we are investigating the genome sequence, organisation and replication strategy of GAV.'
(Cowley JA et al, Gill-Associated Virus of Penaeus monodon Prawns: Molecular Evidence for the First Invertebrate Nidovirus, in The Nidoviruses, op cit)
5 Feb 2020 Thailand Medical News: Coronavirus is Mutating and Becoming More Virulent
BREAKING NEWS : New Studies Emerging That Confirms The Coronavirus Is Mutating And Becoming More Virulent - Thailand Medical News
'....She further added, "For this reason, Wuhan coronavirus evolution in patients should be closely monitored for the emergence of novel mutations at the 501 position in its genome.'
We earlier mentioned 2019-nCoV position 501 in post # 178.
BREAKING NEWS : New Studies Emerging That Confirms The Coronavirus Is Mutating And Becoming More Virulent - Thailand Medical News
'....She further added, "For this reason, Wuhan coronavirus evolution in patients should be closely monitored for the emergence of novel mutations at the 501 position in its genome.'
We earlier mentioned 2019-nCoV position 501 in post # 178.
OP is correct: Chinese eat all kinds of exotic foods and their polyculture includes fish, ducks, pigs and humans all using the same pond, for example, greatly assisting the evolution of hepatitis B virus.
The report at post #287 states: ' In a different study, Dr. Fang Li from the University of Minnesota....alarmingly predicts that a single mutation (at a specific spot in the genome)....ACE2.'
Position 501 is mutating to become more virulent. As Li et al continue in their report (post #178): '....Alarmingly, our data predict that a single N501T mutation (corresponding to the S487T mutation in SARS-CoV) may significantly enhance the binding affinity between 2019-nCoV and human ACE2....Asn501 in 2019-nCoV RBD provides more support to hotspot-353 than Ser487, but less than Thr487. This analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV recognizes human ACE2 less efficiently than human SARS-CoV (year 2000), but more efficiently than human SARS-CoV (year 2003). Hence, at least when considering the ACE2-RBD interactions, 2019-nCoV has gained some capability to transmit from human to human....Tyr forms a hydrogen bond with Thr31 of civet ACE2....'
Note that asparagine (N) contains 5 hydrogen atoms while aspartic acid contains 4. Thus, the critical 2019-nCoV mutation at position 501 is a hydrogenation rather than a dehydrogenation when comparing the two amino acids. Li, et al's predictive biology report from Minnesota-North Carolina of 29 Jan 2020 can now be updated by these new mutations in 2019-nCoV which cause increasing virulence.
The report at post #287 states: ' In a different study, Dr. Fang Li from the University of Minnesota....alarmingly predicts that a single mutation (at a specific spot in the genome)....ACE2.'
Position 501 is mutating to become more virulent. As Li et al continue in their report (post #178): '....Alarmingly, our data predict that a single N501T mutation (corresponding to the S487T mutation in SARS-CoV) may significantly enhance the binding affinity between 2019-nCoV and human ACE2....Asn501 in 2019-nCoV RBD provides more support to hotspot-353 than Ser487, but less than Thr487. This analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV recognizes human ACE2 less efficiently than human SARS-CoV (year 2000), but more efficiently than human SARS-CoV (year 2003). Hence, at least when considering the ACE2-RBD interactions, 2019-nCoV has gained some capability to transmit from human to human....Tyr forms a hydrogen bond with Thr31 of civet ACE2....'
Note that asparagine (N) contains 5 hydrogen atoms while aspartic acid contains 4. Thus, the critical 2019-nCoV mutation at position 501 is a hydrogenation rather than a dehydrogenation when comparing the two amino acids. Li, et al's predictive biology report from Minnesota-North Carolina of 29 Jan 2020 can now be updated by these new mutations in 2019-nCoV which cause increasing virulence.
Avian Flu Talk: Man Lies
https://www.worldofbuzz.com/man/exp...bout-travel-history-7-people-infected-so-far/
'....but actually went to attend two banquets with more than 4,000 people.'
https://www.worldofbuzz.com/man/exp...bout-travel-history-7-people-infected-so-far/
'....but actually went to attend two banquets with more than 4,000 people.'
This webpage has a helpful current chart:
Singapore Confirms 2 New Cases
Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - Latest news | CNA
Singapore Confirms 2 New Cases
Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - Latest news | CNA
Clearly, 2019-nCoV position 501 is the hotspot to watch as the virus mutates. Here we link only the SARS-CoV asparagine mutations thusfar published. There are 10 references:
SARS-CoV / Asparagine
sars-cov asparagine - PubMed - NCBI
'spike glycoproteins....ref#9: papain-like protease.'
SARS-CoV / Asparagine
sars-cov asparagine - PubMed - NCBI
'spike glycoproteins....ref#9: papain-like protease.'
I don't believe them either. The numbers reported are not relevant to the virus outbreak: they are only measuring human activity -- that is, a frantic effort to test people which is bound to be missing many, many light cases and other cases because they can't get to them. Human activity is not a measure of the spread of the epidemic itself.
If the virus can or will mutate in current, unknown human carriers, the epidemic is proceeding apart from known human activity. It is astonishing that apparently no Chinese homo sapiens has asked another whether or not they have eaten snake within the last two months, or used Bungarus as medicine (for what, the flu?).
5 minutes ago, the doctor was apparently silenced by police:
Chinese Doctor Dies from the Virus
Coronavirus: Chinese Doctor Dies After Trying To Warn People Of Virus
Chinese Doctor Dies from the Virus
Coronavirus: Chinese Doctor Dies After Trying To Warn People Of Virus
TroglocratsRdumb
Diamond Member
- Aug 11, 2017
- 41,895
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you know why flies land on your food?
to wipe the poo off of their feet
petro
Diamond Member
Some pinhead named Biff thought my post was racist. Freaking idiot.
Just a fact that many cultures have open markets without proper sanitation.
Asparagine at position 501 is the foremost hotspot while the second, according to Li et al, is position 494. (Post #288 as Li et al continues): '....Overall, Leu455, Phe486 and Ser494 of 2019-nCoV RBD support that 2019-nCoV recognizes human ACE2 and infects human cells.
Pubmed search 'ACE2 asparagine' yields two refs:
A single asparagine-linked glycosylation site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein facilitates inhibition by man... - PubMed - NCBI
Specific asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are critical for DC-SIGN- and L-SIGN-mediated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry. - PubMed - NCBI
Pubmed search 'ACE2 asparagine' yields two refs:
A single asparagine-linked glycosylation site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein facilitates inhibition by man... - PubMed - NCBI
Specific asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are critical for DC-SIGN- and L-SIGN-mediated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry. - PubMed - NCBI
Pubmed search 'ACE2 vaccine' yields 33 references:
ace2 vaccine - PubMed - NCBI
Beijing Feb 2020
[2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus]. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Its mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme II.'
ace2 vaccine - PubMed - NCBI
Beijing Feb 2020
[2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus]. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Its mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme II.'
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