Again, for the math challenged Progs:
A
progressive tax is a
tax in which the
tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
[1][2][3][4][5] The term "progressive" refers to the way the tax rate progresses from low to high, with the result that a taxpayer's
average tax rate is less than the person's
marginal tax rate.
[6][7] The term can be applied to individual taxes or to a tax system as a whole; a year, multi-year, or lifetime. Progressive taxes are imposed in an attempt to reduce the
tax incidence of people with a lower
ability to pay, as such taxes shift the incidence increasingly to those with a higher ability-to-pay. The opposite of a progressive tax is a
regressive tax, where the relative tax rate or burden decreases as an individual's ability to pay increases.
[5]
The term is frequently applied in reference to personal
income taxes, in which people with lower
income pay a lower percentage of that income in tax than do those with higher income. It can also apply to adjustments of the tax base by using
tax exemptions,
tax credits, or selective taxation that creates progressive distribution effects. For example, a
wealth or
property tax,
[8] a sales tax on
luxury goods, or the exemption of sales taxes on basic necessities, may be described as having progressive effects as it increases the tax burden of higher income families and reduces it on lower income families.
[9][10][11]
Progressive taxation is often suggested as a way to mitigate the societal ills associated with higher
income inequality,
[12] as the tax structure reduces inequality,
[13] but economists disagree on the tax policy's economic and long-term effects.
[14][15][16] Progressive taxation has also been positively associated with
happiness, the subjective well-being of nations and citizen satisfaction with
public goods, such as education and transportation.
[17]
