Sweden, the first country to introduce legal gender reassignment, has begun restricting gender reassignment hormone treatments for minors, as it, like many Western countries, grapples with the highly-sensitive…
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Sweden decided in February 2022 to halt hormone therapy for minors except in very rare cases, and in December, the National Board of Health and Welfare said mastectomies for teenage girls wanting to transition should be limited to a research setting.
"The uncertain state of knowledge calls for caution," Board department head Thomas Linden said in a statement in December.
So-called puberty blockers have been used in young teens contemplating gender transition to delay the onset of unwanted physical changes.
Like many other countries, Sweden has seen a sharp rise in cases of gender dysphoria, a condition where a person may experience distress as a result of a mismatch between their biological sex and the gender they identify as.
According to the Board of Health and Welfare, approximately 8,900 people were diagnosed with gender dysphoria in Sweden between 1998 and 2021, in a country of around 10 million.
In 2021 alone, about 820 new cases were registered.
The rising trend in gender dysphoria cases is particularly visible among 13- to 17-year-olds born female © Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP
The trend is particularly visible among 13- to 17-year-olds born female, with an increase of 1,500 percent since 2008.
"It used to be a male phenomenon and now there is a strong female over-representation," psychiatrist Mikael Landen, chief physician at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, told AFP.
Landen, who contributed to the scientific study on which the Board of Health based its decision, said the reasons for this increase remain largely a "mystery".
"Tolerance has been high in Sweden for at least the last 25 years, so you can't say it has changed," he said when asked if it was simply a result of a more accepting society.