OK. Got it. You do not see the relevance. So what. I see the relevance.My point is I do not see the relevance of what rosends says in this reply to me.
I also noticed your thinly veiled antisemitism.
What then?
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OK. Got it. You do not see the relevance. So what. I see the relevance.My point is I do not see the relevance of what rosends says in this reply to me.
So you dispute the origin of the Septuagint, nothing unusual about disputes here.![]()
Virtual Yeshiva Discussion Forums-Corrupted Jewish Bible or Corrupted Chrstian Greek Text?
Searchingjew, let's be honest. You didn't read that from Emmanuel Tov: Because he never said it. He never wrote it. You read and pasted that quote thawww.tapatalk.com
Romans defines "Jew" for us, and says it is not simply the people of the first covenant, not simply those who are circumcised. Whether that Greek term had been used to mean that in the past is irrelevant.So it is defining a word the. Deciding that earlier people who never used the word meant it differently. Got it.
Please show me evidence that other groups used circumcision as a sign, at that time in history.No other group? Many would disagree.
Well I do not.OK. Got it. You do not see the relevance. So what. I see the relevance.
What did I write that you choose to interpret in that way?I also noticed your thinly veiled antisemitism.
Then you can respond to my first post yourself, if you take issue with that post then do so and let me see what you have to say about that specific post. Here it is:What then?
What did I write that you choose to interpret in that way?
Right. You quoted a letter of Paul to the Romans and then revealed something about yourself.I quoted Romans and then state what I take it's meaning to be, that's all I did.
Let's begin our inquiry with a passage that historian Edwin Yamauchi calls "probably the most important reference to Jesus outside the New Testament."[4] Reporting on Emperor Nero's decision to blame the Christians for the fire that had destroyed Rome in A.D. 64, the Roman historian Tacitus wrote:and if you want to make unsupported statements and not give any proof, then you just go ahead and do that. Those of us who understand what argumentation is will keep laughing at you.
What can we learn from this ancient (and rather unsympathetic) reference to Jesus and the early Christians? Notice, first, that Tacitus reports Christians derived their name from a historical person called Christus (from the Latin), or Christ. He is said to have "suffered the extreme penalty," obviously alluding to the Roman method of execution known as crucifixion. This is said to have occurred during the reign of Tiberius and by the sentence of Pontius Pilatus. This confirms much of what the Gospels tell us about the death of Jesus.Nero fastened the guilt ... on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of ... Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome....[5]
This passage provides us with a number of interesting insights into the beliefs and practices of early Christians. First, we see that Christians regularly met on a certain fixed day for worship. Second, their worship was directed to Christ, demonstrating that they firmly believed in His divinity. Furthermore, one scholar interprets Pliny's statement that hymns were sung to Christ, "as to a god", as a reference to the rather distinctive fact that, "unlike other gods who were worshipped, Christ was a person who had lived on earth."[11] If this interpretation is correct, Pliny understood that Christians were worshipping an actual historical person as God! Of course, this agrees perfectly with the New Testament doctrine that Jesus was both God and man.They were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day before it was light, when they sang in alternate verses a hymn to Christ, as to a god, and bound themselves by a solemn oath, not to any wicked deeds, but never to commit any fraud, theft or adultery, never to falsify their word, nor deny a trust when they should be called upon to deliver it up; after which it was their custom to separate, and then reassemble to partake of food – but food of an ordinary and innocent kind.[10]
Did Josephus really write this? Most scholars think the core of the passage originated with Josephus, but that it was later altered by a Christian editor, possibly between the third and fourth century A.D.[18] But why do they think it was altered? Josephus was not a Christian, and it is difficult to believe that anyone but a Christian would have made some of these statements.[19]About this time there lived Jesus, a wise man, if indeed one ought to call him a man. For he ... wrought surprising feats.... He was the Christ. When Pilate ...condemned him to be crucified, those who had . . . come to love him did not give up their affection for him. On the third day he appeared ... restored to life.... And the tribe of Christians ... has ... not disappeared.[17]
Let's examine this passage. You may have noticed that it refers to someone named "Yeshu." So why do we think this is Jesus? Actually, "Yeshu" (or "Yeshua") is how Jesus' name is pronounced in Hebrew. But what does the passage mean by saying that Jesus "was hanged"? Doesn't the New Testament say he was crucified? Indeed it does. But the term "hanged" can function as a synonym for "crucified." For instance, Galatians 3:13 declares that Christ was "hanged", and Luke 23:39 applies this term to the criminals who were crucified with Jesus.[22] So the Talmud declares that Jesus was crucified on the eve of Passover. But what of the cry of the herald that Jesus was to be stoned? This may simply indicate what the Jewish leaders were planning to do.[23] If so, Roman involvement changed their plans! [24]On the eve of the Passover Yeshu was hanged. For forty days before the execution took place, a herald ... cried, "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy."[21]
Although Lucian is jesting here at the early Christians, he does make some significant comments about their founder. For instance, he says the Christians worshipped a man, "who introduced their novel rites." And though this man's followers clearly thought quite highly of Him, He so angered many of His contemporaries with His teaching that He "was crucified on that account."The Christians ... worship a man to this day – the distinguished personage who introduced their novel rites, and was crucified on that account.... [It] was impressed on them by their original lawgiver that they are all brothers, from the moment that they are converted, and deny the gods of Greece, and worship the crucified sage, and live after his laws.[27]
The best explanation/analogy regarding Pharaoh is noting how sun affects different materials: It melts wax, it hardens clay. With Pharaoh, we see an inclination within him to do the right thing, to free the Israelites. But the material liabilities (his own wealth and comfort) were also factoring into his decision. His love of self (clay) was greater than his love of others (wax). God fought hard for Pharaoh, but in the end it is always our own choice that God allows. Pharaoh could have joined in God's plans, but Pharaoh's own plans were always his priority.
We see this hardening of hearts in earthly matters as well. For example, the more part of the country claims President Trump has the best interests of the country at heart, the more the other part of the country hardens their hearts against him. The same man who melted the hearts of some, hardened the hearts of others.
Consider how many times, and over how many years, God worked with Pharaoh. God is patient, God is kind--and He has His own plans, His own work which will prevail. When His work does prevail...well look at the reaction of some of the people of Israel. They lamented their freedom, arguing they should have remained in Egypt!
No, God does not give us over to dark things. God remains love and goodness--it is who He is. It is the individual who turns from love and goodness (which softens our hearts) to favor material wealth and/or selfishness, self-interests (which hardens our hearts).
Is it possible that you missed or skipped past the third paragraph? Again, I have the feeling there is a point you wish to make. Tell me.So God--the Creator of all that is--is beholden to our fallen human whims?
I did not write Romans, that passage begins by saying what is not a Jew, then what is. It is telling us that "Jew" has dual meaning as did many thing discussed by Jesus (like blindness, deafness etc). The term "Jew" as used in scripture in the NT is being defined by this passage."physical Jews are NOT "Jews" they are not what is meant. A "real" Jew is one who has been called out, chosen, by God."
It couldn't be more obvious. A real Jew? Seriously?
I am a Jew according to Romans.Right. You quoted a letter of Paul to the Romans and then revealed something about yourself.
I noticed.
Circumcision in ancient Egypt - Egypt Museum cultural and religious ritualSo you dispute the origin of the Septuagint, nothing unusual about disputes here.
Romans defines "Jew" for us, and says it is not simply the people of the first covenant, not simply those who are circumcised. Whether that Greek term had been used to mean that in the past is irrelevant.
Please show me evidence that other groups used circumcision as a sign, at that time in history.
Cutting and pasting from probe ministries a se tip that confirms that the Joseph us material is suspect but which doesn't address any of the problems with claiming that talmud references Jesus is silly. Go, read the talmyd and show me. I can get the pages online for you if you need.Let's begin our inquiry with a passage that historian Edwin Yamauchi calls "probably the most important reference to Jesus outside the New Testament."[4] Reporting on Emperor Nero's decision to blame the Christians for the fire that had destroyed Rome in A.D. 64, the Roman historian Tacitus wrote:
What can we learn from this ancient (and rather unsympathetic) reference to Jesus and the early Christians? Notice, first, that Tacitus reports Christians derived their name from a historical person called Christus (from the Latin), or Christ. He is said to have "suffered the extreme penalty," obviously alluding to the Roman method of execution known as crucifixion. This is said to have occurred during the reign of Tiberius and by the sentence of Pontius Pilatus. This confirms much of what the Gospels tell us about the death of Jesus.
But what are we to make of Tacitus' rather enigmatic statement that Christ's death briefly checked "a most mischievous superstition," which subsequently arose not only in Judaea, but also in Rome? One historian suggests that Tacitus is here "bearing indirect ... testimony to the conviction of the early church that the Christ who had been crucified had risen from the grave."[6] While this interpretation is admittedly speculative, it does help explain the otherwise bizarre occurrence of a rapidly growing religion based on the worship of a man who had been crucified as a criminal.[7] How else might one explain that?
Evidence from Pliny the Younger
Another important source of evidence about Jesus and early Christianity can be found in the letters of Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan. Pliny was the Roman governor of Bithynia in Asia Minor. In one of his letters, dated around A.D. 112, he asks Trajan's advice about the appropriate way to conduct legal proceedings against those accused of being Christians.[8] Pliny says that he needed to consult the emperor about this issue because a great multitude of every age, class, and sex stood accused of Christianity.[9]
At one point in his letter, Pliny relates some of the information he has learned about these Christians:
This passage provides us with a number of interesting insights into the beliefs and practices of early Christians. First, we see that Christians regularly met on a certain fixed day for worship. Second, their worship was directed to Christ, demonstrating that they firmly believed in His divinity. Furthermore, one scholar interprets Pliny's statement that hymns were sung to Christ, "as to a god", as a reference to the rather distinctive fact that, "unlike other gods who were worshipped, Christ was a person who had lived on earth."[11] If this interpretation is correct, Pliny understood that Christians were worshipping an actual historical person as God! Of course, this agrees perfectly with the New Testament doctrine that Jesus was both God and man.
Not only does Pliny's letter help us understand what early Christians believed about Jesus' person, it also reveals the high esteem to which they held His teachings. For instance, Pliny notes that Christians "bound themselves by a solemn oath" not to violate various moral standards, which find their source in the ethical teachings of Jesus. In addition, Pliny's reference to the Christian custom of sharing a common meal likely alludes to their observance of communion and the "love feast."[12] This interpretation helps explain the Christian claim that the meal was merely "food of an ordinary and innocent kind". They were attempting to counter the charge, sometimes made by non-Christians, of practicing "ritual cannibalism."[13] The Christians of that day humbly repudiated such slanderous attacks on Jesus' teachings. We must sometimes do the same today.
Evidence from Josephus
Perhaps the most remarkable reference to Jesus outside the Bible can be found in the writings of Josephus, a first century Jewish historian. On two occasions, in his Jewish Antiquities, he mentions Jesus. The second, less revealing, reference describes the condemnation of one "James" by the Jewish Sanhedrin. This James, says Josephus, was "the brother of Jesus the so-called Christ."[14] F.F. Bruce points out how this agrees with Paul's description of James in Galatians 1:19 as "the Lord's brother."[15] And Edwin Yamauchi informs us that "few scholars have questioned" that Josephus actually penned this passage.[16]
As interesting as this brief reference is, there is an earlier one, which is truly astonishing. Called the "Testimonium Flavianum," the relevant portion declares:
Did Josephus really write this? Most scholars think the core of the passage originated with Josephus, but that it was later altered by a Christian editor, possibly between the third and fourth century A.D.[18] But why do they think it was altered? Josephus was not a Christian, and it is difficult to believe that anyone but a Christian would have made some of these statements.[19]
For instance, the claim that Jesus was a wise man seems authentic, but the qualifying phrase, "if indeed one ought to call him a man," is suspect. It implies that Jesus was more than human, and it is quite unlikely that Josephus would have said that! It is also difficult to believe he would have flatly asserted that Jesus was the Christ, especially when he later refers to Jesus as "the so-called" Christ. Finally, the claim that on the third day Jesus appeared to His disciples restored to life, inasmuch as it affirms Jesus' resurrection, is quite unlikely to come from a non-Christian!
But even if we disregard the questionable parts of this passage, we are still left with a good deal of corroborating information about the biblical Jesus. We read that he was a wise man who performed surprising feats. And although He was crucified under Pilate, His followers continued their discipleship and became known as Christians. When we combine these statements with Josephus' later reference to Jesus as "the so-called Christ," a rather detailed picture emerges which harmonizes quite well with the biblical record. It increasingly appears that the "biblical Jesus" and the "historical Jesus" are one and the same!
Evidence from the Babylonian Talmud
There are only a few clear references to Jesus in the Babylonian Talmud, a collection of Jewish rabbinical writings compiled between approximately A.D. 70-500. Given this time frame, it is naturally supposed that earlier references to Jesus are more likely to be historically reliable than later ones. In the case of the Talmud, the earliest period of compilation occurred between A.D. 70-200.[20] The most significant reference to Jesus from this period states:
Let's examine this passage. You may have noticed that it refers to someone named "Yeshu." So why do we think this is Jesus? Actually, "Yeshu" (or "Yeshua") is how Jesus' name is pronounced in Hebrew. But what does the passage mean by saying that Jesus "was hanged"? Doesn't the New Testament say he was crucified? Indeed it does. But the term "hanged" can function as a synonym for "crucified." For instance, Galatians 3:13 declares that Christ was "hanged", and Luke 23:39 applies this term to the criminals who were crucified with Jesus.[22] So the Talmud declares that Jesus was crucified on the eve of Passover. But what of the cry of the herald that Jesus was to be stoned? This may simply indicate what the Jewish leaders were planning to do.[23] If so, Roman involvement changed their plans! [24]
The passage also tells us why Jesus was crucified. It claims He practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy! Since this accusation comes from a rather hostile source, we should not be too surprised if Jesus is described somewhat differently than in the New Testament. But if we make allowances for this, what might such charges imply about Jesus?
Interestingly, both accusations have close parallels in the canonical gospels. For instance, the charge of sorcery is similar to the Pharisees' accusation that Jesus cast out demons "by Beelzebul the ruler of the demons."[25] But notice this: such a charge actually tends to confirm the New Testament claim that Jesus performed miraculous feats. Apparently Jesus' miracles were too well attested to deny. The only alternative was to ascribe them to sorcery! Likewise, the charge of enticing Israel to apostasy parallels Luke's account of the Jewish leaders who accused Jesus of misleading the nation with his teaching.[26] Such a charge tends to corroborate the New Testament record of Jesus' powerful teaching ministry. Thus, if read carefully, this passage from the Talmud confirms much of our knowledge about Jesus from the New Testament.
Evidence from Lucian
Lucian of Samosata was a second century Greek satirist. In one of his works, he wrote of the early Christians as follows:
Although Lucian is jesting here at the early Christians, he does make some significant comments about their founder. For instance, he says the Christians worshipped a man, "who introduced their novel rites." And though this man's followers clearly thought quite highly of Him, He so angered many of His contemporaries with His teaching that He "was crucified on that account."
Although Lucian does not mention his name, he is clearly referring to Jesus. But what did Jesus teach to arouse such wrath? According to Lucian, he taught that all men are brothers from the moment of their conversion. That's harmless enough. But what did this conversion involve? It involved denying the Greek gods, worshipping Jesus, and living according to His teachings. It's not too difficult to imagine someone being killed for teaching that. Though Lucian doesn't say so explicitly, the Christian denial of other gods combined with their worship of Jesus implies the belief that Jesus was more than human. Since they denied other gods in order to worship Him, they apparently thought Jesus a greater God than any that Greece had to offer!
Conclusion
Let's summarize what we've learned about Jesus from this examination of ancient non-Christian sources. First, both Josephus and Lucian indicate that Jesus was regarded as wise. Second, Pliny, the Talmud, and Lucian imply He was a powerful and revered teacher. Third, both Josephus and the Talmud indicate He performed miraculous feats. Fourth, Tacitus, Josephus, the Talmud, and Lucian all mention that He was crucified. Tacitus and Josephus say this occurred under Pontius Pilate. And the Talmud declares it happened on the eve of Passover. Fifth, there are possible references to the Christian belief in Jesus' resurrection in both Tacitus and Josephus. Sixth, Josephus records that Jesus' followers believed He was the Christ, or Messiah. And finally, both Pliny and Lucian indicate that Christians worshipped Jesus as God!
I hope you see how this small selection of ancient non-Christian sources helps corroborate our knowledge of Jesus from the gospels. Of course, there are many ancient Christian sources of information about Jesus as well. But since the historical reliability of the canonical gospels is so well established, I invite you to read those for an authoritative "life of Jesus!"
Ancient Evidence for Jesus from Non-Christian Sources
It's called evidence and it proves the beliefs Christians have about Christ. I don't believe you did refute that Jesus wasn't mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud and you certainly didn't even address the other evidence which works in concert together.Cutting and pasting from probe ministries a se tip that confirms that the Joseph us material is suspect but which doesn't address any of the problems with claiming that talmud references Jesus is silly. Go, read the talmyd and show me. I can get the pages online for you if you need.
So the suspect Josephus material is evidence? The errors about the Talmud (here, in case you misplaced it Jesus In The Talmud - Introduction) are clearly shown. As for the other external aren't interesting to me. I'm not here to discuss the existence or nonexistence of Jesus. I just want it clarified that the Talmud doesn't mention Jesus.It's called evidence and it proves the beliefs Christians have about Christ. I don't believe you did refute that Jesus wasn't mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud and you certainly didn't even address the other evidence which works in concert together.
All of it is evidence. Each piece works in concert with the next. That's how evidence works. Evidence is used to prove things.So the suspect Josephus material is evidence? The errors about the Talmud (here, in case you misplaced it Jesus In The Talmud - Introduction) are clearly shown. As for the other external aren't interesting to me. I'm not here to discuss the existence or nonexistence of Jesus. I just want it clarified that the Talmud doesn't mention Jesus.
Fine, keep your Eusebius. None of that is relevant to a question of the Talmud.All of it is evidence. Each piece works in concert with the next. That's how evidence works. Evidence is used to prove things.
I wasn't discussing the Talmud. I was discussing the historicity of Christ.Fine, keep your Eusebius. None of that is relevant to a question of the Talmud.
He came unto his own and they received him not.I just thought that it would make more sense if we were Jewish since we follow Jesus and that would mean that we would follow His religion but now I see that that was just His bloodline.
Post 1165 began with an erroneous claim about the talmud.I wasn't discussing the Talmud. I was discussing the historicity of Christ.
Says you. I say it's one of several pieces of evidence for the historicity of Christ.Post 1165 began with an erroneous claim about the talmud.
Says me? Then you didn't read the resources I posted. When you actually can read the talmud, let me know.Says you. I say it's one of several pieces of evidence for the historicity of Christ.
That the other pieces that you have not challenged support Christ being mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud.
Feel free to address all of the points then. It shouldn't be hard if they are in there as you say. But they aren't.Says me? Then you didn't read the resources I posted. When you actually can read the talmud, let me know.