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Total Collapse Explained
While NIST failed to provide an explanation for the total collapse of the Twin Towers, several independent researchers have taken on that challenge.
Central to their analysis has been to measure the downward motion of the upper section of WTC 1 (the North Tower). Two papers in particular have found that, in the four seconds before the upper section disappeared from view, the rate of acceleration remained constant, at approximately 64 percent of free fall,6 and there was never an observable deceleration.7
Based on Newton’s Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, we know there would have been a deceleration of WTC 1’s upper section if it had impacted and crushed the intact structure below it. The absence of deceleration is incontrovertible proof that another force (i.e., explosives) must have been responsible for destroying the lower structure before the upper section reached it.
I
n 2011, the ASCE’s
Journal of Engineering Mechanics published a paper by Dr. Zdeněk Bažant and Jia-Liang Le titled “Why the Observed Motion History of the World Trade Center Towers Is Smooth,” 8 in which the authors attempted to argue that the upper section’s deceleration was “far too small to be perceptible,” thus accounting for why the observed motion is “smooth.” Specifically, they calculated, the deceleration was “three orders of magnitudes smaller than the error of an amateur video, and thus undetectable.”
In response, researchers Tony Szamboti and Richard Johns submitted a Discussion paper to the
Journal of Engineering Mechanics in May 2011.9 Their paper argued that Bažant and Le had used incorrect values for (1) the resistance of the columns, (2) the lower structure’s floor mass, and (3) the upper section’s total mass. Szamboti and Johns showed that when the correct values are applied, Bažant and Le’s analysis actually proves that the deceleration of the upper section would have been significant and detectable (if it were a true fire-induced progressive collapse), and that the collapse would have arrested within three seconds.
Unfortunately, the
Journal of Engineering Mechanics inexplicably rejected Szamboti and Johns’ Discussion paper as “out of scope” after holding it in review for 27 months. So Szamboti and Johns, along with Dr. Gregory Szuladziński, a world-renowned expert in structural mechanics, wrote another paper refuting Bažant and Le’s analysis and submitted it to the
International Journal of Protective Structures. That paper, titled “Some Misunderstandings Related to the WTC Collapse Analysis,” 10 was published in June 2013.
So little research has been published on why the Twin Towers underwent
total collapse that Bažant and Le’s 2011 paper, and Bažant’s three earlier papers on the subject, are the only analysis that exists to support the official explanation of a fire-induced progressive collapse. That analysis has now been indisputably debunked by Szamboti, Johns, Szuladziński, and others.
Endnotes
[1] NIST:
Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World Trade Center Towers (December 1, 2005), p.146. (NIST NCSTAR 1)
[2] NIST NCSTAR 1, p.xxxvii, p. 82.
[3] NIST NCSTAR 1, p.146.
[4] McIlvaine, Bob et al. “
9/11 Family Members and Scholars: Request for Correction Submitted to NIST,”
Journal of 9/11 Studies (June 2007).
http://www.journalof911studies.com/volume/200704/RFCtoNISTbyMcIlvaineDoyleJonesRyanGageSTJ.pdf
[5] NIST:
Response to the Request for Correction (September 2007).
[6] Chandler, David: “
The Destruction of the World Trade Center North Tower and Fundamental Physics,”
Journal of 9/11 Studies (February 2010).
[7] Szamboti, Tony and MacQueen, Graeme: “
The Missing Jolt: A Simple Refutation of the NIST-Bazant Collapse Hypothesis,”
Journal of 9/11 Studies (April 2009).
[8] Bažant, Zdeněk and Le, Jia-Liang: “
Why the Observed Motion History of the World Trade Center Towers is Smooth,”
Journal of Engineering Mechanics (January 2011).
[9] Szamboti, Tony and Johns, Richard: “
ASCE Journals Refuse to Correct Fraudulent Paper Published on WTC Collapses,”
Journal of 9/11 Studies (September 2014).
[10] Szuladziński, Gregory and Szamboti, Tony and Johns, Richard: “
Some Misunderstandings Related to WTC Collapse Analysis,”
International Journal of Protective Structures (June 2013).
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Near-Free-Fall Acceleration | Twin Towers
View attachment 479532
Figure 1: This graph from David Chandler’s “Destruction of the World Trade Center North Tower and Fundamental Physics” (Journal of 9/11 Studies, February 2010) shows that the North Tower’s upper section traveled at nearly uniform downward acceleration of -6.31 m/s2 (with an R2 value of 0.997), or 64% of free fall.