As I understand it, as a layperson, case law must conform to the Constitution, where applicable. If a court decision conflicts with the Constitution, it can be challenged and potentially struck down by the Supreme Court, assuming that the case is taken up by the Supreme Court and they agree with the challenge.
The US Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and all other laws, including case law, must be consistent with it. This principle is known as the doctrine of constitutional supremacy. When a court decision conflicts with the Constitution, it can be challenged through the appeals process, ultimately leading to review by the Supreme Court. If the Supreme Court agrees that the decision conflicts with the Constitution, it may be overturned.
It's worth noting, however, that the Supreme Court does not always strike down case law that conflicts with the Constitution. In some cases, the Court may choose to reinterpret the Constitution in light of the case law, or it may leave the case law in place for various reasons, such as stare decisis (the principle of following precedent).