PROFILE
Geography
Area: 103,000 sq. km. (39,600 sq. mi.); about the size of Virginia or slightly larger than Ireland.
Cities: Capital--ReykjavÃk (pop. 118,326). Other towns--Kópavogur (30,357), Hafnarfjörður (25,913), Akureyri (17,573), Reykjanesbær (14,091), Garðabær (10,643).
Terrain: Rugged.
Climate: Maritime temperate.
Highest elevation: Hvannadalshnjúkur at Vatnajökull Glacier, at 2,110 meters (6,923 ft.).
People
Nationality: Noun--Icelander(s). Adjective--Icelandic.
Population (January 1, 2010): 317,630.
Annual population growth rate (2009): -0.54%.
Ethnic group: Relatively homogenous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts.
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran, 84.4%.
Language: Icelandic.
Education: Compulsory up to age 16. Attendance--99%. Literacy--99.9%.
Health: Infant mortality rate (1999-2008 average)--2.4/1,000. Life expectancy (2008)--men 79.6 years, women 83.0 years.
Work force (2008, 184,100): Commerce--32.2%; manufacturing--8.2%; fishing/fish processing--3.4%; construction--10.05%; transport and communications--6.3%; agriculture--2.3%; government, education, and health--27.2%; other services--9.55%. Unemployment (March 2010): 9.3%.
Government
Type: Parliamentary republic.
Independence: 1918 (became "sovereign state" under Danish Crown); 1944 (establishment of republic);
Constitution: 1874.
Branches: Executive--president (head of state), prime minister (head of government), cabinet (12 ministers). Legislative--63-member unicameral parliament (Althingi). Judicial--Supreme Court, district courts, special courts.
Subdivisions: 26 administrative districts and 77 municipalities.
Major political parties: Social Democratic Alliance (SDA), Left-Green Party (LGP), Independence Party (IP), Progressive Party (PP), and The Movement.
Suffrage: Universal 18 years and above.
National holiday: June 17, anniversary of the establishment of the republic.
Economy
GDP (2009): $12.0 billion.
GDP growth rate: (2007) 3.8%; (2008) 1.3%; (2009) -6.5%.
Per capita GDP (2009): $37,622.
Inflation rate: (2008) 18.1%; (2009) 7.5%.
Central government budget: (2009) $4.5 billion; (2010 proposed) $4.5 billion.
Annual budget deficit: (2009 estimated) $1.2 billion; (2010 proposed) $790 million.
Net central government debt: (2007) 10.3% of GDP; (2008 estimated) 41.3% of GDP; (2009 estimated) 78% of GDP.
Natural resources: Marine products, hydroelectric and geothermal power.
Agriculture: Products--potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, roses, livestock.
Industry: Types--aluminum smelting, fishing and fish processing technology, ferro-silicon alloy production, hydro and geothermal power, tourism, information technology.
Trade: Exports of goods (2009)--$4.0 billion: marine products 41.7%; industrial products 48.6%; agricultural products 1.5%; and miscellaneous 8.2%. Partners (2009)--EEA 83.5% (Netherlands 30.7%, U.K. 12.8%, Germany 11.3%, Spain 4.8%, Norway 5.8%); U.S. 3.9% ($155.3 million). Imports (2009)--$3.3 billion: industrial supplies 30.4%; capital goods, parts, accessories 21.5%; consumer goods 15.6%; transport equipment 9.7%; food and beverages 10.2%; fuels and lubricants 12.4%. Partners (2009)--EEA 64.8% (Germany 8.3%, Sweden 8.1%, Netherlands 8.6%, Denmark 7.3%, U.K. 4.5%, Norway 13.0%); U.S. 6.9% ($248 million); China 5.0%; Japan 3.4%.
Iceland