g5000
Diamond Member
- Nov 26, 2011
- 128,965
- 73,270
- 2,605
There's a guy down in Texas who sells mattresses. Every year, he runs an ad in which he tells the consumers that if a particular team wins the Super Bowl, he will refund them the money for any mattresses they bought in the past year.
This marketing strategy has reaped him tremendous returns.
But what if that team wins? He's screwed, right?
Well, to offset his risk, this same guy goes to Vegas and bets big on the OTHER team winning.
This is what the financial world calls a "hedge". The guy is brilliant and he makes millions every year.
This is supposed to be the same methodology "hedge funds" use. Thus the name.
In 1994, a hedge fund by the name of Long-Term Capital Management was started by a big swinging dick from Salomon Brothers and two other guys who shared a Nobel Prize in economics in 1997.
So of course everyone wanted in on this fund, right? Too bad. You had to be a gazillionaire to be allowed to invest with these big brains.
Now let's suppose our mattress guy borrowed a million dollars to place his bets in Vegas. That's called "leveraging". As long as he can cover his bets after the Super Bowl, no problem. But if he over-leveraged, and the first team wins, he's screwed.
That's what happened to LTCM. They were massively over-leveraged. But they hid that fact from their investors. Their collateral chains were so complex that no one caught on.
Until...1998. That's when Russia defaulted on its debts.
It turns out LTCM had made some incorrect assumptions. Every financial institution makes assumptions. They have to. Human nature is unpredictable, so you do the best you can.
When Russia defaulted, LTCM imploded. And all that leverage they had was owed to other banks. Uh oh!
And thus we ended up with what is called "systemic risk". The domino effect.
The US government did not really rescue LTCM. They did step in and sold off the bits and pieces of LTCM to their creditors and dissolved the hedge fund.
Fast forward to 2006. Once again, the financial world over-leveraged itself and used a formula to calculate their risks which contained assumptions.
No one ever thought to look at the formula and ask, "What if instead of a positive number for assets, we plug in a negative number?"
As in, what if housing prices fall?
BOOM!
So here we are. 2022. Russia's economy is collapsing, and a LOT of banks have loaned money to Russia. And a LOT of banks have derivative bets on Russia's debt.
And our banks are no longer too big to fail. They are too big to save.
This marketing strategy has reaped him tremendous returns.
But what if that team wins? He's screwed, right?
Well, to offset his risk, this same guy goes to Vegas and bets big on the OTHER team winning.
This is what the financial world calls a "hedge". The guy is brilliant and he makes millions every year.
This is supposed to be the same methodology "hedge funds" use. Thus the name.
In 1994, a hedge fund by the name of Long-Term Capital Management was started by a big swinging dick from Salomon Brothers and two other guys who shared a Nobel Prize in economics in 1997.
So of course everyone wanted in on this fund, right? Too bad. You had to be a gazillionaire to be allowed to invest with these big brains.
Now let's suppose our mattress guy borrowed a million dollars to place his bets in Vegas. That's called "leveraging". As long as he can cover his bets after the Super Bowl, no problem. But if he over-leveraged, and the first team wins, he's screwed.
That's what happened to LTCM. They were massively over-leveraged. But they hid that fact from their investors. Their collateral chains were so complex that no one caught on.
Until...1998. That's when Russia defaulted on its debts.
It turns out LTCM had made some incorrect assumptions. Every financial institution makes assumptions. They have to. Human nature is unpredictable, so you do the best you can.
When Russia defaulted, LTCM imploded. And all that leverage they had was owed to other banks. Uh oh!
And thus we ended up with what is called "systemic risk". The domino effect.
The US government did not really rescue LTCM. They did step in and sold off the bits and pieces of LTCM to their creditors and dissolved the hedge fund.
Fast forward to 2006. Once again, the financial world over-leveraged itself and used a formula to calculate their risks which contained assumptions.
No one ever thought to look at the formula and ask, "What if instead of a positive number for assets, we plug in a negative number?"
As in, what if housing prices fall?
BOOM!
So here we are. 2022. Russia's economy is collapsing, and a LOT of banks have loaned money to Russia. And a LOT of banks have derivative bets on Russia's debt.
And our banks are no longer too big to fail. They are too big to save.